Gram Negative Bacteria

Aka: Gram Negative Bacteria, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Gram Stain Negative, Gram Negative Rod, Gram Negative Bacilli, Gram Negative Coccobacilli, Gram Negative Cocci

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II. Definitions

  1. Gram Negative Bacteria
    1. Bacteria that do not retain crystal violet stain, and stain pink on microscopy with gram's method
    2. Like Gram Positive Bacteria, a peptidoglycan cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of Gram Negative Bacteria
    3. Gram Negative Bacteria have an additional outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides protecting the cell wall

III. Causes: Gram Negative Rods

  1. Anaerobes
    1. Bacteroidaceae (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis)
  2. Facultative Anaerobes
    1. Enterobacteriaceae (enteric Bacteria such as Escherichia coli)
    2. Vibrionaceae (e.g. Vibrio Cholerae)
    3. Pasteurellae (e.g. HaemophilusInfluenzae)
  3. Aerobes
    1. Pseudomonadaceae (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

IV. Causes: Gram Negative Cocci

  1. Aerobes
    1. Neisseriaceae (e.g. Neisseria Meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
    2. Moraxella catarrhalis

V. Causes: Gram Negative Obligate Intracellular Parasites

  1. Rickettsiae (e.g. Rickettsia)

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