II. Epidemiology
- Epidemic Typhus
- Rare outbreaks that kill hundreds of thousands or more
- Endemic Typhus
- Uncommon in U.S. (300 cases/year, primarily in California, Hawaii, Texas)
- Likely under-reported due to relatively mild presentations (outside of Immunocompromised patients)
- Scrub Typhus
- One million cases per year worldwide (in endemic regions, esp. Asia)
- Considered a major health concern
III. Pathophysiology
- Vector-borne illnesses caused by Rickettsial or Oriential infection
- Typhus is divided into 3 distinct diseases (epidemic, endemic, Scrub Typhus)
- Differ in transmission and mortality
- Similar in presentations and treatment
-
Rickettsiaceae family of Bacteria
- Tiny Gram Negative Cocci
- Obligate intracellular Parasites
IV. Types
- Epidemic Typhus, Louse-Borne Typhus, or Sylvatic Typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii)
- Louse-borne transmission of Rickettsia prowazekii
- Typically occurs during war or over-crowded conditions, transmitted by Body Lice
- May recur years after initial infection (Brill-Zinsser Disease)
- Occurs in Immunocompromised patients
- Similar to the Shingles reactivation of Chicken Pox
- Rash is typically absent on reactivation
- Rare in developed countries
- Outbreaks still occur in areas of poor sanitation or overcrowding
- Isolated cases in U.S. are associated with Flying Squirrel exposure
- Historically, large outbreaks of Epidemic Typhus have occurred with high mortality
- Last major outbreak occurred in 1997, Burundi (Russia)
- Caused 3 million deaths in Russian soldiers during World War 1
- Caused up to 300,000 deaths in Napolean's advance on Russia in 1813
- English outbreak in 1557 killed 10% of the population
- Endemic Typhus or Murine Typhus (Rickettsia typhi)
- Found in tropical and subtropical climates, as well as in U.S. (California, Hawaii, Texas)
- Flea-borne transmission of Rickettsia typhi from rats (or mice, cats)
- Vectors include rat flea (Xenopsylla) and squirrel flea (Orchospea)
- Scrub Typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi)
- Endemic to Southeast Asia, Indonesia, China, Japan, India, northern Australia
- Common cause of undifferentiated acute febrile illness in endemic regions
- Mite-borne transmission of Orienta tsutsugamushi (esp. during wet season)
- Vector
V. Findings
- Typhus or Epidemic Typhus
- Incubation Period: 2 weeks
- Findings
- Presents with abrupt onset of high fever (104 F) and intractable Headache
- Nonproductive cough may also be present
- Rash is a late sign, seen in two-thirds of patients
- Small pink Macules starting on trunk and then spreading to extremities
- Spares the face, palms and soles (contrast with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
- Serious complications follow
- Myocarditis, Pneumonia, Pancreatitis, Encephalitis, Acute Renal Failure, Sepsis
- Untreated mortality 10-60%
- While early treatment within first week drops mortality to 0%
- Murine Typhus or Endemic Typhus
- Flea exposure is often unrecognized
- Findings
- Presents with viral syndrome 3 to 14 days after flea exposure
- Fever
- Headache
- Myalgias and Arthralgias
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Maculopapular Rash in half of patients, onset 6 days after initial symptoms
- Neurologic symptoms (confusion, imbalance, Seizures) may occur in up to 45% of patients (Vasculitis related)
- Thrombocytopenia in 48% of patients
- Presents with viral syndrome 3 to 14 days after flea exposure
- Prognosis
- Less severe than Epidemic Typhus (but may be fatal in elderly, Immunocompromised)
- Scrub Typhus
- Presents with flu-like illness 7-10 days (up to 21 days) after Chigger Bite
- High fever
- Headache
- Malaise
- Myalgias
- Skin
- Black eschar variably develops at the bite site
- Macular rash in 50% of patients (may be associated with eschar)
- Regional Lymphadenopathy may be present
- Neurologic findings
- Encephalitis, encephalomyelitis or Meningitis
- Tinnitus and Hearing Loss (or Deafness) may occur
- Cranial Nerve palsy
- Vascular Findings
- Disseminated Vasculitis
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Thrombotic complications
- Labs
- Thrombocytopenia in most patients
- Prognosis
- Untreated mortality may be as high as 4 to 40%
- Low mortality with prompt treatment
- Presents with flu-like illness 7-10 days (up to 21 days) after Chigger Bite
VI. Differential Diagnosis
VII. Management
- Typhus or Epidemic Typhus
- High mortality without prompt treatment in the first 8 days of illness
- Eliminate vector (e.g. kill lice)
- Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 5 days (or 200 mg once) OR
- Chloramphenicol 500 mg oral or IV four times daily for 5 days
- Murine Typhus or Endemic Typhus
- Spontaneously resolves without treatment in 14 days in healthy patients
- However, deaths may occur in elderly and Immunocompromised patients
- Antibiotic response is prompt
- Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days OR
- Chloramphenicol 500 mg oral or IV four times daily for 7 days
- Spontaneously resolves without treatment in 14 days in healthy patients
- Scrub Typhus
- High mortality without prompt treatment
- Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days (if resistance suspected, add Rifampin) OR
- Chloramphenicol 500 mg oral or IV four times daily for 7 days OR
- Azithromycin 500 mg oral or IV for 1 dose (if resistance suspected, extend for 3 days)
VIII. Prevention
IX. Resources
X. References
- Sexton in Calderwood (2016) Epidemic Typhus, UpToDate, IOS app accessed 4/14/2016
- (2016) Sanford Guide to Antibiotics, IOS app accessed 4/14/2016
- Blanton (2019) Infect Dis Clin North Am 33(1):213-29 +PMID: 30712763 [PubMed]
- Huntington (2016) Am Fam Physician 94(7): 551-7 [PubMed]
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Related Studies
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D014438 |
| ICD9 | 081.1 |
| ICD10 | A75.1 |
| SnomedCT | 47761007 |
| English | Brill Disease, Brill Zinsser Disease, Brill's Disease, Brills Disease, Disease, Brill's, Disease, Brill, Disease, Brill-Zinsser, Recrudescent typhus [Brill's disease], BRILLS DIS, BRILL DIS, BRILL ZINSSER DIS, Brill Zinsser disease, Brill Zinsser disease (diagnosis), Recrudescent typhus fever, Brill's disease, Brill-Zinsser disease, Recrudescent typhus, Recrudescent typhus due to Rickettsia prowazekii, Brill-Zinsser disease (disorder), Rickettsia; prowazekii, typhus, recrudescent [Brill-Zinsser], Zinsser, Brill, prowazekii; Rickettsia prowazekii, typhus, recrudescent [Brill-Zinsser], recrudescent [Brill-Zinsser]; typhus, due to Rickettsia prowazekii, recrudescent [Brill-Zinsser]; typhus, typhus; Rickettsia prowazekii, recrudescent [Brill-Zinsser], typhus; recrudescent [Brill-Zinsser], due to Rickettsia prowazekii, typhus; recrudescent [Brill-Zinsser], Brill-Zinsser Disease |
| Italian | Tifo ricorrente, Malattia di Brill Zinsser, Malattia di Brill, Malattia di Brill-Zinsser |
| Dutch | ziekte van Brill-Zinsser, ziekte van Brill, Rickettsia; prowazekii, vlektyfus, recidiverend, prowazekii; Rickettsia prowazekii, vlektyfus, recidiverend, recidiverend; vlektyfus, door Rickettsia prowazekii, recidiverend; vlektyfus, vlektyfus; Rickettsia prowazekii, recidiverend, vlektyfus; recidiverend, door Rickettsia prowazekii, vlektyfus; recidiverend, Recidiverende vlektyfus [Ziekte van Brill], heropgeflakkerde tyfus, Brill-Zinsser, ziekte van, Brill-ziekte |
| German | Brill Zinsser-Krankheit, Brill-Zinsser-Krankheit, Fleckfieber-Spaetrezidiv [Brill-Krankheit], Fleckfieber-Spaetrezidiv, Brill-Krankheit |
| Spanish | Enfermedad de Brill Zinsser, Enfermedad de Brill-Zinsser, enfermedad de Brill - Zinsser (trastorno), enfermedad de Brill - Zinsser, enfermedad de Brill, fiebre tifo recrudescente, fiebre tifus recrudescente, tifo recrudescente por Rickettsia prowazekii, tifus recrudescente por Rickettsia prowazekii, tifus recrudescente, Tifus recrudescente, Enfermedad de Brill |
| Japanese | ブリル・ジンサー病, 再発性発疹チフス, ブリル病, ﾌﾞﾘﾙｼﾞﾝｻｰﾋﾞｮｳ, ﾌﾞﾘﾙﾋﾞｮｳ, ｻｲﾊﾂｾｲﾎｯｼﾝﾁﾌｽ, ｻｲﾊﾂｾｲﾊｯｼﾝﾁﾌｽ |
| Czech | Brillova-Zinsserova nemoc, Brillova nemoc, Brill- Zinsserova nemoc, Návratný tyfus |
| Portuguese | Doença de Brill-Zinsser, Tifo recrudescente, Doença de Brill |
| French | Maladie de Brill-Zinsser, Typhus récurrent, Maladie de Brill |
| Korean | 재발성 발진티푸스[브릴병] |
| Hungarian | visszatrő typhus, Brill-Zinsser betegség, Brill-betegség |
| Norwegian | Brills sykdom, Brill-Zinssers sykdom |
Ontology: Scrub Typhus (C0036472)
| Definition (MSH) | An acute infectious disease caused by ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI. It is limited to eastern and southeastern Asia, India, northern Australia, and the adjacent islands. Characteristics include the formation of a primary cutaneous lesion at the site of the bite of an infected mite, fever lasting about two weeks, and a maculopapular rash. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D012612 |
| ICD9 | 081.2 |
| ICD10 | A75.3 |
| SnomedCT | 73911003, 186768005, 240620004, 240621000, 240622007, 271425001 |
| English | Diseases, Tsutsugamushi, Fevers, Tsutsugamushi, Tsutsugamushi Disease, Tsutsugamushi Diseases, Tsutsugamushi Fever, Tsutsugamushi Fevers, Typhus, Scrub, Disease, Tsutsugamushi, Fever, Tsutsugamushi, Tsutsugamushi fever, Typhus fever due to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, TSUTSUGAMUSHI DIS, tsutsugamushi disease, scrub typhus, scrub typhus (diagnosis), Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection, Scrub (mite-borne) typhus, Scrub Typhus [Disease/Finding], tsutsugamushi, scrubs typhus, Scrub mite-borne typhus (& various types), Japanese river fever (disorder), Kedani fever (disorder), Tsutsugamushi disease (disorder), Scrub mite-borne typhus (& various types) (disorder), Mite-borne typhus, Scrub typhus, Mite-borne typhus due to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Scrub mite-borne typhus, Scrub typhus (disorder), Japanese river; fever, Japanese; typhus, Rickettsia; tsutsugamushi, typhus, Sumatran mite; fever, Sumatran mite; typhus, fever; Japanese river, fever; Sumatran mite, fever; kedani, fever; tsutsugamushi, kedani; fever, kedani; typhus, mite-borne; typhus, rickettsiosis; Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, scrub; typhus, tropical; typhus, tsutsugamushi; Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, typhus, tsutsugamushi; fever, typhus; Japanese, typhus; Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, typhus; Sumatran mite, typhus; kedani, typhus; mite-borne, typhus; scrub, typhus; tropical, Scrub typhus (disorder) [Ambiguous], Scrub Typhus, Tsutsugamushi, Kedani fever, Tsutsugamushi disease, Japanese river fever |
| Italian | Febbre fluviale del Giappone, Febbre di Tsutsugamushi, Infezione da Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Febbre tsutsugamushi, Malattia tsutsugamushi, Tifo delle boscaglie |
| Dutch | Tsutsugamushi-koorts, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi-infectie, Japans; vlektyfus, Japanse rivier; koorts, Rickettsia; tsutsugamushi, vlektyfus, Sumatra-mijt; koorts, Sumatra-mijt; vlektyfus, kedani; koorts, kedani; vlektyfus, koorts; Japanse rivier, koorts; Sumatra-mijt, koorts; kedani, koorts; tsutsugamushi, mijt; vlektyfus, rickettsiose; Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, scrub; vlektyfus, tropisch; vlektyfus, tsutsugamushi; Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, vlektyfus, tsutsugamushi; koorts, vlektyfus; Japans, vlektyfus; Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, vlektyfus; Sumatra-mijt, vlektyfus; door mijten overgebracht, vlektyfus; kedani, vlektyfus; scrub, vlektyfus; tropisch, Vlektyfus door Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, scrubtyfus, Scrub typhus, Tsoetsoegamoesji, Typhus, scrub |
| French | Infection à Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Tsutsugamuschi, Typhus des broussailles, Fièvre de Kedani, Fièvre fluviale du Japon |
| German | Tsutsugamushi-Fieber, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi-Infektion, Fleckfieber durch Rickettsia tsutsugamushi [Rickettsia orientalis], Milbenfleckfieber, Buschfieber, Buschfleckfieber, Tsutsugamushi-Krankheit, Typhus, Scrub |
| Portuguese | Febre de Tsutsugamushi, Infecção por Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Tifo Rural, Tifo a Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Doença de Tsutsugamushi, Tifo por Ácaros |
| Spanish | Infección por Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Fiebre tsutsugamushi, enfermedad de Tsutsugamushi (trastorno), fiebre kedani, tifus de los matorrales, fiebre de Kedani (trastorno), enfermedad tsutsugamushi, tifo transmitido por ácaros causado por Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, tifo de los matorrales (trastorno), tifo de los matorrales, fiebre fluvial japonesa (trastorno), tifus transmitido por ácaros, fiebre fluvial japonesa, tifo transmitido por ácaros, Tifus Rural, Tifus de los Matorrales, fiebre fluvial del Japón (trastorno), fiebre fluvial del Japón, fiebre tsutsugamushi, tifo de los matorrales (concepto no activo), tifus transmitido por acáridos, tifus transmitido por garrapatas, Tifus de los matorrales, enfermedad de Tsutsugamushi, fiebre de Kedani, tifus por Rickettsia tsutsugamushi transmitido por ácaros, Enfermedad de Tsutsugamushi, Tifus por Ácaros |
| Japanese | ツツガ虫病, ツツガ虫病リケッチア感染, ﾂﾂｶﾞﾑｼﾋﾞｮｳ, ﾂﾂｶﾞﾑｼﾋﾞｮｳﾘｹｯﾁｱｶﾝｾﾝ, ツツガムシ病, ケダニ熱, つつが虫病, 恙虫病 |
| Swedish | Fästingöverförd rickettsios |
| Czech | tsutsugamushi, rickettsióza cucugamuši, Infekce Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Horečka tsutsugamushi |
| Finnish | Pensaspilkkukuume |
| Russian | TSUTSUGAMUSHI LIKHORADKA, LIKHORADKA RECHNAIA IAPONSKAIA, ЛИХОРАДКА РЕЧНАЯ ЯПОНСКАЯ, ЦУЦУГАМУШИ ЛИХОРАДКА |
| Korean | 리켓치아 쯔쯔가무시에 의한 발진티푸스 |
| Polish | Dur plamisty zaroślowy, Choroba Tsutsugamushi, Dur zaroślowy |
| Hungarian | Rickettsia tsutsugamushi fertőzés, Tsutsugamushi láz, bozót typhus |
| Norwegian | Tsutsugamushi, Busktyfus, Tsutsugamushifeber |
Ontology: TYPHUS (C0041471)
| Definition (CSP) | group of acute, arthropod borne infections caused by rickettsiae; includes epidemic (classic or louse-borne) typhus, its recrudescent form, and murine (endemic or flea-borne) typhus; all are characterized by severe headache, chills, high fever, stupor, and rash. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D014438 |
| ICD9 | 081.9 |
| ICD10 | A75.9 , A75 |
| SnomedCT | 154375001, 187383009, 83838002, 266205000 |
| LNC | LP28595-4 |
| English | TYPHUS, Typhus fever, unspecified, Typhus, unspecified, [X]Typhus fever, unspecified, typhus (diagnosis), typhus, Typhus infections, Typhus NOS, Typhus fever, Typhus (fever) NOS, fever typhus, typhus fever, [X]Typhus fever, unspecified (disorder), Typhus (disorder), Typhus, NOS, Typhus, Typhus fever NOS |
| German | Typhus, Typhus, unspezifisch, Fleckfieber NNB, Flecktyphus, Fleckfieber, nicht naeher bezeichnet, Fleckfieber, Typhus-Infektionen |
| Italian | Infezioni tifose, Tifo NAS, Tifo, non specificato, Tifo |
| Dutch | tyfus, niet-gespecificeerd, tyfus NAO, Vlektyfus, niet gespecificeerd, tyfusinfecties, tyfus, Vlektyfus, Tyfus |
| French | Typhus, non précisé, Typhus SAI, Typhus, Infections à Typhus |
| Portuguese | Tifo NE, Tifo, Infecções tíficas |
| Spanish | Tifus no especificado, Tifus NEOM, Tifus, [X]tifus, no especificado (trastorno), [X]tifus, no especificado, tifus, tifus (trastorno), tifo, [X]fiebre tifoidea, no especificada (trastorno), [X]fiebre tifoidea, no especificada, tifo (trastorno), Infecciones de tifus |
| Japanese | チフス感染, チフス、詳細不明, チフス, チフスＮＯＳ, ﾁﾌｽ, ﾁﾌｽNOS, ﾁﾌｽｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲ, ﾁﾌｽｶﾝｾﾝ |
| Czech | tyfus, Tyfus, blíže neurčený, Tyfus NOS, Ricketsiové horečky, Tyfus |
| Korean | 상세불명의 발진티푸스, 발진티푸스 |
| Hungarian | Typhus k.m.n., Typhus, nem meghatározott, Typhus fertőzések, Typhus |
| Norwegian | Tyfus |
Ontology: Endemic Flea-Borne Typhus (C0041472)
| Definition (MSH) | An infectious disease clinically similar to epidemic louse-borne typhus (TYPHUS, EPIDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE), but caused by RICKETTSIA TYPHI, which is transmitted from rat to man by the rat flea, XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS. |
| Definition (NCI) | A bacterial infection caused by Rickettsia typhi or Rickettsia felis. It is transmitted to humans from infected rat fleas. Symptoms include fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, and weakness. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D014437 |
| ICD9 | 081.0 |
| ICD10 | A75.2 |
| SnomedCT | 414263007, 25668000 |
| English | Flea-Borne Typhus, Endemic, Typhus, Endemic Flea Borne, Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne, Typhus, Murine, Murine (endemic) typhus, Flea typhus, Typhus fever due to Rickettsia typhi, murine typhus (diagnosis), murine typhus, murine endemic flea typhus, Rickettsia typhi infection, Endemic Typhus Fever, Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne [Disease/Finding], Typhus, Endemic, Murine Typhus, Endemic Typhus, endemic murine typhus, rickettsia typhi infection, endemic typhus fever, endemic typhus, Flea typhus (disorder), Typhus, Endemic flea-borne, Endemic typhus, Flea-borne typhus, Murine typhus, Typhus due to Rickettsia typhi, Murine endemic flea typhus, Shop typhus, Urban typhus, Murine typhus (disorder), endemic; typhus, flea-borne; tabardillo, flea-borne; typhus, murine; typhus, rat; typhus, rickettsiosis; Rickettsia typhi, shop; typhus, shop, tabardillo; flea-borne, typhi; Rickettsia typhi, typhus, typhus; endemic, typhus; flea-borne, typhus; murine, typhus; rat, typhus; shop, Endemic Flea-Borne Typhus, Flea-borne Typhus fever, Flea-borne Typhus, Endemic Typhus fever, Endemic murine typhus |
| Dutch | Rickettsia typhi-infectie, rattentyfus (endemisch), endemisch; vlektyfus, murien; vlektyfus, rattenvlo; vlektyfus, rickettsiose; Rickettsia typhi, shop; vlektyfus, tabardillo; door vlooien overgebracht, typhi; Rickettsia typhi, vlektyfus, vlektyfus; door vlooien overgebracht, vlektyfus; endemisch, vlektyfus; murien, vlektyfus; rattenvlo, vlektyfus; shop, vlooien; tabardillo, vlooien; vlektyfus, Vlektyfus door Rickettsia typhi, rattentyfus, Flea borne typhus, Murine vlektyfus, Tyfus, endemische vlek-, Vlektyfus, endemische |
| French | Typhus murin (endémique), Infection à Rickettsia typhi, Typhus mexicain, Typhus endémique bénin, Tabardillo, Typhus à Rickettsia typhi, Typhus à puces, Typhus murin, Typhus endémique à puces, Typhus tropical urbain |
| German | Rickettsia typhi-Infektion, muriner Typhus, Fleckfieber durch Rickettsia typhi [Rickettsia mooseri], murines Fleckfieber, Typhus, muriner, Typhus, endemischer flohübertragener |
| Italian | Infezione da Rickettsia typhi, Tifo murino (endemico), Tifo murino, Tifo endemico murino |
| Portuguese | Infecção por Rickettsia typhi, Tifo murino (endémico), Tifo murino, Tifo Endêmico Transmitido por Pulgas, Tifo Murino |
| Spanish | Tifus (endémico) murino, Infección por Rickettsia typhi, tifo transportado por pulgas, tifus transmitido por pulgas (trastorno), tifus transmitido por pulgas, tifo endémico, tifo murino (trastorno), tifo murino, tifo por Rickettsia typhi, tifus endémico, tifus murino, tifus por Rickettsia typhi, Tifus murino, Tifus Endémico Transmitido por Pulgas, Tifus Murino |
| Japanese | 発疹熱リケッチア感染, ﾎｯｼﾝﾈﾂﾘｹｯﾁｱｶﾝｾﾝ, ﾎｯｼﾝﾈﾂ, ﾊｯｼﾝﾈﾂﾘｹｯﾁｱｶﾝｾﾝ, ﾊｯｼﾝﾈﾂ, 地域性のみ媒介発疹チフス, 発疹熱, ネズミ発疹チフス, 地域性ノミ媒介発疹チフス, 地域性蚤媒介発疹チフス, チフス-地域性ノミ媒介発疹, ノミ媒介チフス, 熱-発疹, 発疹チフス-鼠, 鼠発疹チフス |
| Swedish | Tyfus, endemisk loppburen |
| Czech | tyfus endemický přenášený blechami, Infekce Rickettsia typhi, Myší tyfus, Myší (endemický) tyfus |
| Finnish | Endeeminen pilkkukuume |
| Russian | TIF MYSHINYI, TIF BLOSHINYI ENDEMICHESKII, ТИФ БЛОШИНЫЙ ЭНДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ, ТИФ МЫШИНЫЙ |
| Korean | 리켓치아 타이피에 의한 발진티푸스 |
| Croatian | PJEGAVAC, ENDEMIJSKI |
| Polish | Dur plamisty endemiczny |
| Hungarian | Rickettsia typhi fertőzés, murin typhus, Murin (endemiás) typhus |
| Norwegian | Musetyfus, Endemisk flekktyfus, Flekktyfus som skyldes Rickettsia typhi |
Ontology: Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne (C0041473)
| Definition (NCI) | A gram-negative bacterial infection caused by Rickettsia prowazekii. It is spread by lice infected with the bacteria. Signs and symptoms include sudden headache, generalized muscle pain, malaise, and macular skin lesions. The infection may affect the central nervous system causing encephalitis. |
| Definition (MSH) | The classic form of typhus, caused by RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII, which is transmitted from man to man by the louse Pediculus humanus corporis. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of intense headache, malaise, and generalized myalgia followed by the formation of a macular skin eruption and vascular and neurologic disturbances. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D014438 |
| ICD9 | 080 |
| ICD10 | A75.0 |
| SnomedCT | 39111003 |
| LNC | LA10486-1 |
| English | Louse-Borne Typhus, Epidemic, Typhus, Epidemic Louse Borne, Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne, Louse-borne (epidemic) typhus, Epidemic louse-borne typhus fever due to Rickettsia prowazekii, louse-borne typhus (diagnosis), epidemic (louse borne) typhus fever, epidemic typhus, louse-borne typhus, Epidemic louse-borne typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne Typhus, Epidemic Typhus Fever, Classical typhus (fever), Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus, Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne [Disease/Finding], Epidemic Typhus, Fevers, Jail, Jail Fevers, Typhus, Epidemic, Fever, Jail, Jail Fever, jail fever, exanthematic typhus, fleckfieber, louse-borne typhus fever, Epidemic louse-borne typhus fever d/t Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia prowazekii infection, Epidemic typhus, Tabardillo, Classical typhus, Louse-borne typhus, Typhus due to Rickettsia prowazekii, European typhus, Exanthematic typhus, Fleckfieber, Louse-borne epidemic typhus, Tifus exanthematico, Louse-borne typhus fever, Louse-borne typhus (disorder), Hildenbrand, classical; typhus, Rickettsia; prowazekii, typhus, epidemic; typhus, exanthematic; typhus, lice; tabardillo, lice; typhus, prowazekii; Rickettsia prowazekii, typhus, rickettsiosis; Rickettsia prowazekii, tabardillo; louse-borne, tabardillo, typhus; Rickettsia prowazekii, typhus; classical, typhus; epidemic, typhus; exanthematic, typhus; louse-borne, Exanthematic typhus, NOS, Epidemic Louse-borne typhus, Louse-borne Typhus fever, Louse-borne Typhus, Classical Typhus fever, Classical Typhus, Epidemic Typhus fever, Exanthematic Typhus fever NOS, Exanthematic Typhus NOS |
| Italian | Tifo epidemico, Tipo petecchiale epidemico, Infezione da Rickettsia prowazekii, Tifo [epidemico] da pidocchi, Tifo esantematico, Tifo endemico da pidocchio |
| Dutch | epidemische door luizen overgebrachte tyfus, exanthemateuze tyfus, Rickettsia prowazekii-infectie, door luizen overgebrachte (epidemische) tyfus, Rickettsia; prowazekii, vlektyfus, epidemisch; vlektyfus, exanthematisch; vlektyfus, klassiek; vlektyfus, luizen; tabardillo, luizen; vlektyfus, prowazekii; Rickettsia prowazekii, vlektyfus, rickettsiose; Rickettsia prowazekii, tabardillo; door luizen overgebracht, vlektyfus; Rickettsia prowazekii, vlektyfus; door luizen overgebracht, vlektyfus; epidemisch, vlektyfus; exanthematisch, vlektyfus; klassiek, Epidemische door luizen overgebrachte vlektyfus door Rickettsia prowazekii, epidemische tyfus, Epidemische vlektyfus, Louse borne typhus, Tyfus, epidemische vlek- |
| French | Infection à Rickettsia prowazekii, Typhus exanthémateux, Typhus épidémique transmis par pou, Typhus transmis par pou (épidémique), Typhus historique, Typhus exanthématique, Typhus à poux, Typhus des camps, Typhus épidémique, Typhus épidémique à poux |
| German | epidemischer, von Laeusen uebertragener Typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii-Infektion, von Laeusen uebertragener (epidemischer) Typhus, exanthematischer Typhus, Epidemisches Fleckfieber durch Rickettsia prowazeki, epidemisches Fleckfieber, Fleckfieber, klassisches, Klassisches Fleckfieber, Läusefleckfieber |
| Portuguese | Tifo exantemático, Tifo epidémico transmitido por piolhos, Infecção por Rickettsia prowazekii, Tifo (epidémico) transmitido por piolhos, Tifo epidémico, Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos |
| Spanish | Infección po Rickettsia prowazekii, Tifus (epidémico) transmitido por piojos, Tifus epidémico transmitido por piojos, Tifus exantemático, tifo clásico, tifo epidémico, tifo exantemático, tifo por Rickettsia prowazekii, tifo transmitido por piojos (trastorno), tifo transmitido por piojos, tifus clásico, tifus epidémico, tifus exantemático, tifus por Rickettsia prowazekii, tifus transportado por piojos, Tifus epidémico, Tifus Epidémico Transmitido por Piojos |
| Japanese | シラミ媒介性（発疹）チフス, シラミ媒介性発疹チフス, 発疹チフスリケッチア感染, ｼﾗﾐﾊﾞｲｶｲｾｲﾎｯｼﾝﾁﾌｽ, ｼﾗﾐﾊﾞｲｶｲｾｲﾊｯｼﾝﾁﾌｽ, ﾎｯｼﾝﾁﾌｽﾘｹｯﾁｱｶﾝｾﾝ, ﾎｯｼﾝﾁﾌｽ, ﾊｯｼﾝﾁﾌｽ, ﾊｯｼﾝﾁﾌｽﾘｹｯﾁｱｶﾝｾﾝ, シラミ発疹チフス, ブリル･ツィンサー病, チフス-シラミ発疹, シラミ媒介チフス, ブリル-ツィンサー病, Brill-Zinsser病, 流行性シラミ媒介発疹チフス, チフス-流行性シラミ媒介発疹, 流行性しらみ媒介発疹チフス, チフス-発疹, Brill病, 発疹チフス |
| Swedish | Tyfus, epidemisk lusburen |
| Czech | tyfus epidemický přenášený vešmi, skvrnitý tyfus, Epidemická forma skvrnitého tyfu, Skvrnitý tyfus, Infekce Rickettsia prowazekii, Skvrnivka |
| Finnish | Epideeminen pilkkukuume |
| Russian | TIF EPIDEMICHESKII, BRILLA BOLEZN', BRILLA-TSINSSERA BOLEZN', SYPNOI TIF, БРИЛЛА БОЛЕЗНЬ, БРИЛЛА-ЦИНССЕРА БОЛЕЗНЬ, СЫПНОЙ ТИФ, ТИФ ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ |
| Korean | 리켓치아 프로와제끼에 의한 유행성 이 매개 발진티푸스 |
| Polish | Choroba Brilla, Dur plamisty epidemiczny |
| Hungarian | Epidemiás tetű-által terjesztett typhus, typhus exanthematicus, Tetű-által terjesztett (epidemiás) typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii fertőzés, Exanthemás typhus |
| Norwegian | Epidemisk flekktyfus overført ved lus, Klassisk flekktyfus |
