II. Pathophysiology
- Chlamydiaceae is a family of Gram Negative Cocci with 2 genera
- Chlamydia
- Chlamydia Trachomatis is the primary species in the Chlamydia genus
- Chlamydia Trachomatis is the most common Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) worldwide
- Chlamydophila
- Chlamydophila species are uncommon to rare organisms in human disease
- Chlamydophila psittaci (bird borne Zoonosis)
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae or TWAR (uncommon Atypical Pneumonia)
- Chlamydia
- Chlamydiaceae are more akin to viruses than Bacteria
- Tiny Gram Negative Cocci
- Chlamydia Elementary Body is only 300 nm (nearly the diameter of a large virus)
- Like other Bacteria, they have both DNA and RNA (while viruses have one or the other)
- Chlamydiaceae lack a peptidoglycan layer (unlike other Gram Negatives)
- However, they do contain an inner and outer membrane (as with other Gram Negative Bacteria)
- Lack of peptidoglycan layer renders Chlamydiaceae immune to attack from Penicillins
- Obligate intracellular Parasites
- Similar to viruses (as well as a few other Bacteria families including Rickettsiae)
- Chlamydiaceae rely exclusively on host cell energy production (via ATP-ADP Translocator)
- Contrast with Rickettsiae, which can also generate its own energy
- Chlamydiaceae can only be cultured in live media
- Cell culture
- Chick embryo Yolk Sac
- Tiny Gram Negative Cocci
- Chlamydiaceae exist in 2 forms
- Elementary Body (EB)
- Tiny, round infectious particle (300 nm)
- Strong outer membrane of disulfide cross-linked bonds
- Inert, non-dividing particle able to persist extracellularly between hosts
- Elementary body (EB) attaches to columnar epithelial cells on mucous membranes (e.g. vagina)
- EB enters the columnar cells via endosomes (endocytosis)
- EB inhibits Phagosome-Lysosome fusion on Phagocytosis
- Once intracellular, EB transitions to Initial Body (as below)
- Initial Body (IB, Reticulate Body)
- Starts with Elementary Body (EB) entering host cells via Phagocytosis
- Within host cells, EB triples its size (to 1000 nm), increasing RNA synthesis
- EB particles then divide via binary fission within host cells, forming Initial Bodies (IBs)
- IBs are the active infectious agent within cells
- Synthesize RNA
- Harvest energy from host cells via ATP-ADP Translocator
- Reproduce via binary fission
- Once IBs accumulate within the host cell, they form EBs to infect other cells
- Some IBs transform back into EBs, to exit the host cell and infect other cells
- Elementary Body (EB)
III. Types: Genus Chlamydia
- Organism
- Eye Diseases
- Chlamydial Conjunctivitis (Inclusion Conjunctivitis, serotypes D to K)
- Trachoma (Conjunctival scarring with blindness, serotypes A to C)
- Genitourinary Disease
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (serotypes L1 to 3)
- Non-Lymphogranuloma venereum (serotypes L1 to 3)
- Chlamydial Urethritis
- Chlamydial Cervicitis
- Chlamydial Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (including Salpingitis)
- Respiratory
- Chlamydia Pneumonia in Newborns (serotypes A to C)
IV. Types: Genus Chlamydophila
-
Chlamydophila psittaci (previously Chlamydia psittaci)
- Human Psittacosis from bird borne Zoonosis
- Respiratory illness or typhoidal illness
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae (TWAR)
V. References
- Gladwin, Trattler and Mahan (2014) Clinical Microbiology, Medmaster, Fl, p. 110-1
- Cheong (2019) Microorganisms 7(5):146 +PMID: 31137741 [PubMed]
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| Definition (MEDLINEPLUS) |
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria. You can get chlamydia during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with an infected partner. Both men and women can get it. Chlamydia usually doesn't cause symptoms. If it does, you might notice a burning feeling when you urinate or abnormal discharge from your vagina or penis. In both men and women, chlamydia can infect the urinary tract. In women, infection of the reproductive system can lead to pelvic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can cause infertility or serious problems with pregnancy. Babies born to infected mothers can get eye infections and pneumonia from chlamydia. In men, chlamydia can infect the epididymis, the tube that carries sperm. This can cause pain, fever, and, rarely, infertility. A lab test can tell if you have chlamydia. Antibiotics will cure the infection. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading chlamydia. Experts recommend that sexually active women 25 and younger get a chlamydia test every year. NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |
| Definition (CSP) | diseases associated with bacteria from the family Chlamydiaceae. |
| Definition (MSH) | Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D002690 |
| ICD10 | A74.9 |
| SnomedCT | 186734004, 187381006, 105629000 |
| English | Chlamydia Infection, Chlamydia Infections, Infections, Chlamydia, Infection, Chlamydia, Chlamydial infection, unspecified, Chlamydial infection,unspcf, [X]Chlamydial infection, unspecified, [X]Chlamydial infection,unspcf, CHLAMYDIA INFECT, INFECT CHLAMYDIA, chlamydial infection (diagnosis), chlamydial infection, chlamydial infections, Chlamydial infection NOS, Chlamydial infections, Chlamydia Infections [Disease/Finding], chlamydia infections, chlamydia bacteria infection, Chlamydial infectious disorders, chlamydial disease (diagnosis), chlamydial disease, [X]Chlamydial infection, unspecified (disorder), Chlamydia infections, Chlamydial infection, Chlamydial infection (disorder), chlamydia infection, Chlamydia, infection; chlamydial, Chlamydia; infection, Chlamydial Infection |
| Italian | Infezione da Clamidia, Infezioni da Clamidia, Patologie infettive da Chlamydia, Infezione da Clamidia NAS, Infezioni da Chlamydia |
| Dutch | Chlamydia-infectie NAO, Chlamydia; infectie, infectie; Chlamydia, Chlamydia-infectie, niet gespecificeerd, Chlamydia-infectieziekten, Chlamydia-infectie, Chlamydia-infecties, Infectie, chlamydia-, Infecties, chlamydia- |
| French | Infection à Chlamydia SAI, Infection à Chlamydia, Infections à Chlamydiae, Troubles infectieux à Chlamydiae, Chlamydioses, Infections à Chlamydia |
| German | Chlamydieninfektion NNB, Chlamydieninfektion, nicht naeher bezeichnet, Chlamydien-Infektionen, Chlamydieninfektion, Infektionserkrankungen durch Chlamidydia, Miyagawanellainfektionen, Chlamydieninfektionen |
| Portuguese | Infecção a clamídia NE, Infecções por Clamídia, Infecções por Clamídias, Quiroprática, Infecção a clamídia, Infecções a clamídia, Infecções por Chlamydia |
| Spanish | Infección por clamidia NEOM, [X]infección por clamidia, no especificada, [X]infección por clamidia, no especificada (trastorno), Infecciones por Clamidias, Infecciones por Clamidia, infección clamidial (trastorno), infección clamidial, infección por Chlamydia, Enfermedades por clamidias, Infecciones por clamidia, Infección por clamidia, Infecciones por Chlamydia |
| Japanese | クラミジア感染ＮＯＳ, クラミジア感染, ｸﾗﾐｼﾞｱｶﾝｾﾝｼｮｳ, ｸﾗﾐｼﾞｱｶﾝｾﾝNOS, ｸﾗﾐｼﾞｱｶﾝｾﾝ, クラミジア感染症 |
| Swedish | Klamydiainfektioner |
| Finnish | Klamydiainfektiot |
| Russian | CHLAMYDIA INFEKTSII, CHLAMYDIA ИНФЕКЦИИ |
| Czech | Infekční nemoci vyvolané chlamydiemi, Chlamydiová infekce, Chlamydiové infekce, Chlamydiová infekce NOS, infekce chlamydiemi, Chlamydia - infekce, chlamydiové infekce |
| Korean | 상세불명의 클라미디아 감염 |
| Croatian | KLAMIDIJE, INFEKCIJE |
| Hungarian | chlamydia fertőzés k.m.n., Chlamydia fertőzések, Chlamydia fertőzéses betegségek, chlamydia fertőzés |
| Norwegian | Klamydiasykdommer, Chlamydiasykdommer, Klamydiainfeksjoner, Chlamydiainfeksjoner |
| Polish | Zakażenia Chlamydią, Infekcje chlamydią |
Ontology: Chlamydiaceae (C0008152)
| Definition (NCI) | A taxonomic family of Gram negative bacterium in the phylum Chylamydiae that includes the genera Chlamydia and Chlamydophila. |
| Definition (MSH) | A family of gram-negative, coccoid microorganisms, in the order CHLAMYDIALES, pathogenic for vertebrates. Genera include CHLAMYDIA and CHLAMYDOPHILA. |
| Definition (CSP) | family of gram negative, coccoid microorganisms, in the order Chlamydiales, pathogenic for vertebrates; genera include Chlamydia and Chlamydophila. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D002693 |
| SnomedCT | 115087008 |
| English | Chlamydiaceae, Family chlamydiaceae, Chlamydiaceae Rake 1957 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Everett et al. 1999, Family Chlamydiaceae (organism), Family chlamydiaceae (organism), Family Chlamydiaceae |
| Swedish | Chlamydiaceae |
| Czech | Chlamydiaceae |
| Spanish | Chlamydiaceae, familia Chlamydiaceae (organismo), familia Chlamydiaceae |
| Finnish | Chlamydiaceae |
| Croatian | Not Translated[Chlamydiaceae] |
| French | Chlamydiacés, Chlamydiaceae |
| Polish | Chlamydiaceae |
| Norwegian | Chlamydiaceae |
| German | Chlamydiaceae |
| Italian | Chlamydiaceae |
| Russian | CHLAMYDIACEAE |
| Dutch | Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydiaceeën |
| Portuguese | Chlamydiaceae |
Ontology: Chlamydophila (C0887972)
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacteria that is not assigned to the species level but can be assigned to the Chlamydophila genus level. |
| Definition (NCI) | A genus of Gram negative, obligately intracellular, parasitic bacterium in the phylum Chalmydiae and the family Chlamydiaceae. |
| Definition (MSH) | A genus of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE comprising gram-negative non CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS-like species infecting vertebrates. Chlamydophila do not produce detectable quantities of glycogen. The type species is CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D023501 |
| SnomedCT | 372926008, 370581001 |
| LNC | LP32500-8 |
| Swedish | Chlamydophila |
| English | Chlamydophila (organism), Genus Chlamydophila (organism), Chlamydophila Everett et al. 1999, Chlamydophila, Genus chlamydophila, Genus chlamydophila (organism), CHLAMYDOPHILA, Genus Chlamydophila |
| Czech | Chlamydophila |
| Spanish | género Clamydophila (organismo), Clamydophila (organismo), género Clamydophila, género chlamydophila (organismo), género chlamydophila, Clamydophila, Chlamydophila |
| Finnish | Chlamydophila |
| Croatian | Not Translated[Chlamydophila] |
| Polish | Chlamydophila |
| Norwegian | Chlamydophila |
| French | Chlamydophila |
| German | Chlamydophila |
| Italian | Chlamydophila |
| Russian | CHLAMYDOPHILA |
| Dutch | Chlamydophila |
| Portuguese | Chlamydophila |
Ontology: Chlamydiia (C3463900)
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| English | Chlamydiae, Chlamydiia |
