II. Pathophysiology
- Mechanism
- SEB is one of several staphylococcal Enterotoxins
- From coagulase positive staphylococci (primarily Staphylococcus Aureus)
- SEB is one of several staphylococcal Enterotoxins
- Transmission
- Foodborne Illness
- Church picnic or community events
- Could contaminate small volume water supply
- Aerosolized Biological warfare agent
- Incapacitating Agent
- Low mortality
- Can render >80% exposed incapacitated x1-2 weeks
- Incapacitating Agent
- Foodborne Illness
- Symptom Onset
- Occurs 3-12 hours after aerosol exposure
III. Symptoms and Signs
-
General
- Symptoms occur in >80% of exposed clinically ill
- Fever to 103 to 105 F for 2-5 days
- Chills
- Headache
- Myalgia
- Conjunctival injection
- Higher exposure may lead to Septic Shock, death
- Aerosolized exposure (Biological Weapon)
- Nonproductive cough for up to 4 weeks
- Retrosternal Chest Pain
- Shortness of Breath
- Ingestion exposure (Foodborne Illness)
IV. Radiology: Chest XRay
- Normal except in severe cases
V. Differential Diagnosis
- Respiratory pathogens
- Foodborne Illness
- Other aerosolized toxins
VI. Prevention
- Protective mask
- No human Vaccine
VII. Course
- Generally low mortality
- Clinical illness persists 1-2 weeks
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Related Studies
Definition (NCI) | A bacterial enterotoxin with potential immunostimulatory activity. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a gram positive superantigen produced by Staphylococcus aureus, is a potent stimulator of T-cell activation. SEB binds directly to class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and the V beta region of the T-cell receptor (TCR), leading to an amplified T-cell response. In response to SEB, both CD4+ and CD8+ cells proliferate, secrete cytokines and demonstrate enhanced cytotoxic activity against a broad range of antigens. Co-administration of SEB with interleukin-2 (IL-2) by direct injection into tumor cells, may induce clonal T-cell expansion and potentiate apoptosis of tumor cells, resulting in decreased tumor growth. |
Concepts | Hazardous or Poisonous Substance (T131) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Immunologic Factor (T129) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
MSH | C031818 |
English | staph enterotoxin B, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, enterotoxin B, staphylococcal, SEB superantigen, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B, staph enterotoxin b, staphylococcal enterotoxin b, SEB, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B |