Adenovirus

Aka: Adenovirus, Adenoviridae, Human Adenovirus, Mastadenovirus, HAdV, Pharyngoconjunctival Fever, Pharyngo-Conjunctival Fever, Adenoviral Pharyngitis

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II. Epidemiology

  1. Outbreaks related to contaminated swimming pools or shared pool towels
    1. Consider as cause with outbreaks in young children

III. Pathophysiology

  1. Adenoviridae (Adenovirus)
    1. Nonenveloped (naked)
    2. Icosahedral capsid
    3. Medium-sized (90-100 nm)
    4. Initial identification was from an adenoid sampling (resulting in the name Adenovirus)
  2. Adenoviridae contain a single, linear dsDNA
    1. As with most DNA Viruses, Adenoviridae replicate in the nucleus
    2. dsDNA viruses must be transcribed into mRNA before they can be translated into Protein
      1. dsDNA viruses have 2 strands (one negative, one positive)
      2. Negative strand is transcribed into mRNA
  3. Human Adenovirus fall into the genus Mastadenovirus
    1. Mastadenovirus genus contains 7 Species (A-G) with >80 total serotypes
    2. Manifestations (URI, Conjunctivitis, Diarrhea) are specific to the species and serotypes

IV. Symptoms

  1. Fever
    1. Peaks to 103-104 F (39.4-40.0 C)
  2. Chills
  3. Myalgias
  4. Sore Throat

V. Signs

  1. Conjunctivitis
    1. Most common cause of Viral Conjunctivitis in children
    2. Unilateral follicular Conjunctivitis is most common
    3. Associated with Adenovirus Pharyngitis in 30-50% of cases
  2. Pharyngitis
    1. Tonsillar exudates may be present
  3. Diarrhea
    1. More prolonged course than Rotavirus

VI. Differential Diagnosis

  1. See Pharyngitis Causes
  2. See Conjunctivitis
  3. Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis

VII. Course

  1. Clears in 4-5 days

VIII. Resources

  1. Adenoviridae (wikipedia)
    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridae

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