Generalized Lymphadenopathy

Aka: Generalized Lymphadenopathy, Lymphadenopathy Causes, Lymphadenitis Causes

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II. Causes: General Infectious Causes of Lymphadenopathy

  1. Common Infectious Causes
    1. Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr Virus)
    2. Toxoplasmosis
    3. Cytomegalovirus
    4. Cat Scratch Disease (Cat Scratch Fever, Bartonella)
    5. Upper Respiratory Infections (e.g. Pharyngitis, Adenovirus)
    6. Tuberculosis
    7. Scarlet Fever
    8. Scabies
    9. Herpes Zoster virus (Shingles)
    10. Cellulitis, Impetigo and other Skin Infections (Streptococcus and Staphylococcus)
  2. Sexually Transmitted Disease Causes of Lymphadenopathy
    1. Hepatitis B
    2. Acute Retroviral Syndrome in HIV Infection
    3. See Lymphadenopathy in HIV
    4. Primary Syphilis and Secondary Syphilis
    5. Lymphogranuloma venereum
    6. Chancroid
  3. Less Common Infectious Causes
    1. Miscellaneous fungal and Helminth infections
    2. Fungal Lung Infections (Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Cryptococcosis)
    3. Lyme Disease
    4. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (and other Rickettsia infection)
    5. Measles
    6. Rubella
    7. Tularemia
    8. Brucellosis
    9. Bubonic Plague
    10. Typhoid Fever
    11. Scrub Typhus
    12. African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness)
    13. Chagas' Disease
    14. Kala-azar
    15. Sporotrichosis

III. Causes: Collagen Vascular Causes of Lymphadenopathy

  1. Common
    1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
    3. Sjogren Syndrome
  2. Less Common
    1. Still's Disease
    2. Dermatomyositis
    3. Sarcoidosis

IV. Causes: Neoplastic Causes of Lymphadenopathy

  1. Hodgkin's Lymphoma
  2. Lymphosarcoma
  3. Histiocytic Medullary Reticulosis
  4. Leukemia
    1. Lymphocytic Leukemia
    2. Myelocytic Leukemia
  5. Metastatic cancer
    1. Melanoma and other Skin Cancers
    2. Kaposi's Sarcoma
    3. Neuroblastoma
    4. Seminoma
    5. Lung Cancer
    6. Breast Cancer
    7. Prostate Cancer
    8. Renal carcinoma
    9. Head and neck cancers
    10. Gastrointestinal Tract cancers

V. Causes: Miscellaneous Causes of Lymphadenopathy

  1. Common
    1. Serum Sickness
    2. Sarcoidosis
    3. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Less Common
    1. Kawasaki Disease
    2. Amyloidosis
    3. Niemann-Pick Disease
    4. Gaucher's Disease
    5. Beryllioisis
    6. Silicosis
    7. Angiofollicular Lymph Node hyperplasia (Castleman Disease)
    8. Histiocytosis
    9. Kituchi Lymphadenitis
    10. Kimura Disease

VI. References

  1. Degowin (1987) Diagnostic Exam, Macmillan, p. 467
  2. Dornbland (1992) Adult Ambulatory Care, p. 662-7
  3. Wilson (1991) Harrison's Internal Medicine, p. 354-6
  4. Lee (1999) Wintrobe's Hematology, p. 1826-30
  5. Ferrer (1998) Am Fam Physician 58(6): 1313-2 [PubMed]
  6. Gaddey (2016) Am Fam Physician 94(11): 896-903 [PubMed]
  7. Libman (1987) J Gen Intern Med 2(1):48-58 [PubMed]

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