II. Types: Skin Cancer
- Melanoma Skin Cancer
- Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (reviewed on this page)
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Actinic Keratoses (Squamous Cell Carcinoma precursor)
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Represents 30% of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer cases (related to cummulative UV light exposure)
- Other, Rare Skin Cancers
- Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
- Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP)
- Merkel Cell carcinoma
- Sebaceous carcinoma
- Kaposi Sarcoma
III. Epidemiology
- Lifetime Risk >20% (>30% in white patients)
IV. Risk Factors: Both Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Very High Risk (10 fold or greater Relative Risk)
- Current immunosuppressive therapy after organ Transplantation (especially related to SCC)
- Personal history of Skin Cancer
- Melanoma in 2 or more first degree relatives
- Nevi numbering 100 or more, or 5 or more atypical or Dysplastic Nevi
- Basal Cell Skin Cancer risk increases 40% with >15 extremity nevi
- PUVA therapy for Psoriasis for more than 250 treatments
- Radiation exposure and other local skin damage
- Cummulative Sun Exposure
- Gamma radiation for Psoriasis or malignancy
- Ultraviolet Radiation exposure (esp. before age <14, esp. childhood Sunburns)
- Prior burn scars
- Tanning device use
- Increases SCC risk by 2.5 fold and BCC risk by 1.5 fold
- Risk increases with younger age of first tanning device exposure
- Genitourinary skin
- Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection
- Uncircumcised male
- Miscellaneous
- Tobacco Abuse
- Prior Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
V. Signs
- See Sun Damaged Skin
- See Basal Cell Carcinoma
- See Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- See Actinic Keratoses
VI. Prognosis
- Metastasis risk
- Basal Cell Carcinoma does not metastasize
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma metastasizes in 3-4% of cases
- Recurrence or metastases occur in first 2 years in >70% of cases and first 5 years in 95% of cases
- Subsequent Skin Cancer risk (new Skin Cancer following previously treated Skin Cancer)
- Prior Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer increases risk of subsequent Skin Cancer by factor of 10 over general population
- Three year risk: 35%
- Five year risk: 40% after first diagnosis (82% after more than one diagnosis)
- Malignant Melanoma risk doubles after non-melanoma Skin Cancer diagnosis
- Risk factors for subsequent Skin Cancer
- Male gender
- Age over 60 years
- Higher number of prior Skin Cancers
- Severe Actinic Keratosis involvement
- Tobacco Abuse
- Increases Squamous Cell Carcinoma risk by 2.0x for current smokers and 1.6x for prior smokers
- Prior Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer increases risk of subsequent Skin Cancer by factor of 10 over general population
VII. Prevention
- See Sun Exposure (lists general preventive measures)
- See Sunscreen
- See Self-skin examination
- Minimize significant Sun Exposure in age <24 years esp. with fair skin (and light eye color, red or blond hair, Freckles)
- Whole body skin examination
- USPTF: Not enough evidence
- ACS: Every 3 years for age 20 to 40 and every 1 year as of age 40 years
-
Niacinamide 500 mg twice daily
- May be indicated in high risk patients with a history of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
- One fewer Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer lesion developed per year while on Niacinamide
- Chen (2014) Australas J Dermatol 55(3):169-75 +PMID:24635573 [PubMed]
VIII. References
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
Definition (MEDLINEPLUS) |
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The two most common types are basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer. They usually form on the head, face, neck, hands, and arms. Another type of skin cancer, melanoma, is more dangerous but less common. Anyone can get skin cancer, but it is more common in people who
You should have your doctor check any suspicious skin markings and any changes in the way your skin looks. Treatment is more likely to work well when cancer is found early. If not treated, some types of skin cancer cells can spread to other tissues and organs. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and biologic therapy. PDT uses a drug and a type of laser light to kill cancer cells. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. NIH: National Cancer Institute |
Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | Cancer that forms in the tissues of the skin. There are several types of skin cancer. Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes (skin cells that make pigment) is called melanoma. Skin cancer that forms in the lower part of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin) is called basal cell carcinoma. Skin cancer that forms in squamous cells (flat cells that form the surface of the skin) is called squamous cell carcinoma. Skin cancer that forms in neuroendocrine cells (cells that release hormones in response to signals from the nervous system) is called neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Most skin cancers form in older people on parts of the body exposed to the sun or in people who have weakened immune systems. |
Definition (NCI) | A primary or metastatic tumor involving the skin. Primary malignant skin tumors most often are carcinomas (either basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas that arise from cells in the epidermis) or melanomas that arise from pigment-containing skin melanocytes. Metastatic tumors to the skin include carcinomas and lymphomas. |
Concepts | Neoplastic Process (T191) |
MSH | D012878 |
ICD10 | C44.9 |
SnomedCT | 94047004, 363511009, 188143008, 190107001, 372130007 |
LNC | LA10543-9 |
English | SKIN NEOPLASM MALIGNANT, Mal neoplasm/skin,unspecfd, Malignant neoplasm of skin, unspecified, Malignant tumor of skin, Malignant tumour of skin, [X]Mal neoplasm/skin,unspecfd, [X]Malignant neoplasm of skin, unspecified, Skin cancers, CA - Skin cancer, skin cancer (diagnosis), malignant neoplasm of skin, malignant neoplasm of skin (diagnosis), skin cancer, malignant skin neoplasm, Skin neoplasms malignant and unspecified, Cancer of the Skin, Cancers, Skin, Skin Cancer, Skin Cancers, malignant tumor of skin, cancers skin, malignant neoplasm skin, cancer of skin, skin cancers, cancer skin, malignant neoplasm skin nos, of skin cancer, of the skin cancer, Cancer, Skin, Malignant neoplasm of skin NOS, Skin Neoplasm, Malignant, Malignant tumour of skin (disorder), Malignant neoplasm of skin NOS (disorder), [X]Malignant neoplasm of skin, unspecified (disorder), Skin--Cancer, Skin cancer, NOS, -- Skin Cancer, Malignant neoplasm of skin (disorder), cancer of the skin, Skin cancer, nonmelanomatous (squamous and basal cell), Malignant neoplasm of skin, NOS, Cancer of skin, Malignant skin neoplasm NOS, Skin malignant neoplasm NOS, Skin neoplasm malignant, Skin neoplasm malignant NOS, Malignant Neoplasm of Skin, Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin, Malignant Skin Neoplasm, Malignant Skin Tumor, Malignant Tumor of Skin, Malignant Tumor of the Skin, Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer, Skin Cancer, Including Melanoma, Cancer of Skin, Skin cancer, Malignant neoplasm of skin, Neoplasm malig;skin, malignant neosplasm of the skin |
Italian | Cancro della cute, Tumori maligni e non specificati della cute, Tumore maligno della cute NAS, Tumore della cute, maligno NAS, Tumore della cute maligno, Cancro della pelle |
Dutch | maligne huidneoplasma NAO, huidneoplasma maligne, kanker van de huid, huidneoplasma maligne NAO, huid maligne neoplasma NAO, Maligniteit huid, Maligne neoplasma van maligne neoplasma van huid, niet gespecificeerd, huidneoplasmata maligne en niet-gespecificeerd, huidkanker, Huidkanker, Tumor van de huid |
French | Tumeur maligne de la peau, Tumeur cutanée maligne SAI, Tumeur maligne de la peau SAI, Cancer de la peau, TUMEUR MALIGNE DE LA PEAU, Tumeurs de la peau malignes et non précisées, Cancer cutané |
German | boesartige Neubildung der Haut NNB, boesartige Hautneubildung NNB, boesartige Neubildung der Haut, Krebs der Haut, Boesartige Neubildung der Haut, nicht naeher bezeichnet, HAUT NEUBILDUNG MALIGNE, Boesartige und unspezifische Neubildungen der Haut, Hautkrebs |
Portuguese | Neoplasia cutânea maligna NE, Tumor maligno da pele, Neoplasia maligna da pele NE, Câncer da Pele, NEOPLASIA MALIGNA DA PELE, Neoplasias cutâneas malignas e não especificadas, Cancro da pele, Câncer Cutâneo |
Spanish | Neoplasia maligna de piel, Neoplasia maligna de piel NEOM, neoplasia maligna cutánea, Cáncer de Piel, NEOPLASIA DE PIEL MALIGNA, neoplasia maligna de la piel, neoplasia maligna cutánea, SAI, [X]neoplasias malignas de piel, no especificadas (trastorno), neoplasia maligna de piel, SAI, [X]neoplasias malignas de piel, no especificadas, neoplasia maligna de piel, SAI (trastorno), neoplasia maligna de piel (trastorno), neoplasia maligna de piel, Neoplasias cutáneas malignas y no especificadas, Cáncer de piel, cáncer de piel, Cáncer Cutáneo |
Japanese | 皮膚の悪性新生物, 悪性および詳細不明の皮膚新生物, 皮膚癌, ヒフノアクセイシンセイブツNOS, 皮膚の悪性新生物NOS, ヒフガン, ヒフノアクセイシンセイブツ, アクセイオヨビショウサイフメイノヒフシンセイブツ |
Czech | Maligní a blíže neurčené novotvary kůže, Maligní novotvar kůže NOS, Maligní kožní novotvar NOS, Kožní maligní novotvar NOS, Maligní nádorové onemocnění kůže, Maligní kožní novotvar, kůže - rakovina, rakovina kůže |
Korean | 상세불명의 피부의 악성신생물 |
Hungarian | Malignus bőrdaganat k.m.n., Rosszindulatú bőrneoplasia, Bőr malignus neoplasiája k.m.n., Bőr rák, Rosszindulatú bőrneoplasia k.m.n., Bőrrák, Bőr neoplasmák, rosszindulatú és nem meghatározott |
Norwegian | Hudkreft |
Ontology: Skin neoplasms malignant and unspecified (excl melanoma) (C0852525)
Concepts | Neoplastic Process (T191) |
Italian | Tumori della cute, maligni e non specificati (melanoma escluso) |
Japanese | 悪性および詳細不明の皮膚新生物(黒色腫を除く), アクセイオヨビショウサイフメイノヒフシンセイブツコクショクシュヲノゾク |
Czech | Kožní novotvary maligní a blíže neurčené (kromě melanomu) |
Hungarian | Bőr neoplasmák, rosszindulatú és nem meghatározott (kizárva: melanoma) |
English | Skin neoplasms malignant and unspecified (excl melanoma), Skin neoplasms malignant and unspecified (excluding melanoma) |
Portuguese | Neoplasias malignas cutâneas e não especificadas (excl.melanoma) |
Spanish | Neoplasias de la piel malignas y no especificadas (excl melanoma) |
Dutch | huidneoplasmata maligne en niet-gespecificeerd (excl. melanoom) |
French | Tumeurs malignes et non précisées de la peau (excl mélanomes) |
German | Neubildungen der Haut boesartig und unspezifisch (ausschl. Melanome) |