Nausea Causes

Aka: Nausea Causes, Vomiting Causes

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II. Causes: Neurologic

  1. Migraine Headache
  2. Vertigo
    1. Meniere's Disease
    2. Motion Sickness
    3. Labyrinthitis or Vestibular Neuronitis
    4. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
  3. Meningitis
  4. Seizure Disorder
  5. Demyelinating disease
  6. Increased Intracranial Pressure
    1. Cerebral Lesion (often Projectile Vomiting)
    2. Congenital malformation
    3. Hydrocephalus
    4. Pseudotumor Cerebri
    5. Intracranial Hemorrhage
    6. Closed Head Injury

III. Causes: Metabolic

  1. Renal Failure (Uremia)
  2. Liver Failure or Cirrhosis
  3. Metabolic Acidosis
  4. Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison's Disease)
  5. Acute intermittent porphyria
  6. Poisoning or Medication induced
    1. See Medication Induced Vomiting
    2. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
    3. Radiation exposure
    4. Arsenic Poisoning
    5. Ricin Poisoning
    6. Organophosphate Poisoning
  7. Thyroid and Parathyroid conditions
    1. Hyperthyroidism
    2. Hypoparathyroidism
    3. Hyperparathyroidism
  8. Diabetes Mellitus
    1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  9. Pregnancy
    1. See Vomiting in Pregnancy (Morning Sickness)
    2. See Hyperemesis Gravidarum
  10. Electrolyte Abnormalities
    1. Hyponatremia
    2. Hypercalcemia
    3. Hyperkalemia

IV. Causes: Gastrointestinal

  1. Obstruction
    1. Gastric Outlet Obstruction or Pyloric Stenosis
    2. Small Bowel Obstruction
    3. Intussusception
    4. Strangulated Hernia
    5. Volvulus
  2. Functional Conditions
    1. Paralytic Ileus
    2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    3. Gastroparesis
    4. Non-ulcer Dyspepsia
    5. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
  3. Acute inflammatory or infectious conditions
    1. Appendicitis
    2. Ruptured viscus
    3. Peritonitis
    4. Cholecystitis or Biliary Colic
    5. Acute Pancreatitis
    6. Peptic Ulcer Disease
  4. Post-operative gastric surgery changes
    1. Bariatric Surgery
    2. Nissen Fundoplication
  5. Miscellaneous Conditions
    1. Gastroenteritis (e.g. Adenovirus, Norwalk, Rotavirus)
    2. Food Poisoning
    3. Acute Hepatitis
    4. Cirrhosis
    5. Crohn's Disease
    6. Pancreatic Cancer
    7. Mesenteric Ischemia
  6. Syndrome
    1. Chronic Nausea and Vomiting syndrome
    2. Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
    3. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

V. Causes: Psychogenic

  1. See Psychogenic Vomiting
  2. Mood Disorder (e.g. Anxiety Disorder or Depression)
  3. Eating Disorder (e.g. Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia)
  4. Conversion Disorder

VI. Causes: Miscellaneous

  1. Vomiting in Pregnancy
  2. Febrile illness
  3. Myocardial Infarction
  4. Congestive Heart Failure
  5. Myocardial Ischemia or infarction
  6. Otitis Media
  7. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  8. Acute Glaucoma
  9. Sepsis
  10. Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
  11. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
  12. Abdominal Migraine
  13. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

VII. Causes: Genitourinary

  1. Acute Nephritis
  2. Urinary Tract Infection including Pyelonephritis
  3. Nephrolithiasis
  4. Testicular Torsion
  5. Ovarian Torsion

VIII. References

  1. Degowin (1987) Diagnostic Exam, Macmillan, p. 526-7
  2. Feldman (1998) Sleisenger Gastrointestinal, p. 117-126
  3. Friedman (1991) Medical Diagnosis, Little Brown, p. 174
  4. Heilenbach in Marx (2002) Rosen's Emergency Med, p. 178
  5. Anderson (2013) Am Fam Physician 88(6): 371-9 [PubMed]
  6. Quigley (2001) Gastroenterology 120(1):263-86 [PubMed]
  7. Scorza (2007) Am Fam Physician 76:76-84 [PubMed]

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