II. Definitions
- Proteus
- Genus in the Enterobacteriaceae family
- Facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rod
- Proteus species are found in animal GI Tract, as well as in manure, soil, and polluted water
- Proteus Mirabilis is the most common human pathogen, and the focus of this page
III. Pathophysiology
- Proteus Mirabilis is a facultatively anaerobic, highly motile Gram-negative rod in Enterobacteriaceae family
- Grouped with EKP Gram Negative Bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Proteus Mirabilis)
- Colonizes the normal, human Gastrointestinal Tract
- Virulence Factors
- Flagella (H Antigen)
- Highly motile organism
- Swarming motility (rapidly re-distributes to fill a specimen slide)
- Urease activity (urea-splitting)
- Results in an alkaline Urine pH (due to urea metabolism into NH3 and CO2)
- Proteus survival increases in an alkaline environment
- Urease activity is also associated with a higher risk of Pyelonephritis and Struvite Nephrolithiasis
- Polysaccharide capsule
- Cloaks surface Opsonins (immune targets), thereby avoid Phagocytosis by Macrophages
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
- Triggers a severe inflammatory response
- Fimbriae
- Allows organism to adhere to host surfaces and devices (e.g. catheters)
- Flagella (H Antigen)
IV. Associated Conditions
- Urinary Tract Infection (esp. Complicated or hospitalized UTI)
- Struvite Nephrolithiasis
- Wound Infections
- Gastroenteritis
- Nosocomial Infection
V. References
- Gladwin, Trattler and Mahan (2014) Clinical Microbiology, Medmaster, Fl, p.75
- Schaffer (2015) Microbiol Spectr 3(5):10 +PMID: 26542036 [PubMed]
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| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacteria that is not assigned to the species level but can be assigned to the Proteus genus level. |
| Definition (NCI) | A genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, but catalase- and nitrase-positive bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria. |
| Definition (MSH) | A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in the intestines of humans and a wide variety of animals, as well as in manure, soil, and polluted waters. Its species are pathogenic, causing urinary tract infections and are also considered secondary invaders, causing septic lesions at other sites of the body. |
| Definition (CSP) | genus of gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacteria that occurs in the intestines of humans and a wide variety of animals, as well as in manure, soil, and polluted waters; its species are pathogenic, causing urinary tract infections and are also considered secondary invaders, causing septic lesions at other sites of the body. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D011511 |
| SnomedCT | 50517009 |
| Swedish | Proteus |
| English | Genus Proteus (organism), Genus Proteus, Proteus (organism), proteus, Proteus Hauser 1885, Liquidobacterium, Proteus (Bacteria), PROTEUS, Proteus, NOS, Proteus |
| Czech | Proteus |
| Spanish | género Proteus, género Proteus (organismo), Proteus (organismo), Proteus |
| Finnish | Proteus |
| Russian | PROTEI, ПРОТЕЙ |
| Croatian | PROTEUS |
| Polish | Proteus |
| Norwegian | Proteus |
| French | Proteus |
| German | Proteus |
| Italian | Proteus |
| Dutch | Proteus |
| Portuguese | Proteus |
Ontology: Proteus mirabilis (C0033701)
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Proteus mirabilis. |
| Definition (NCI) | A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium with swarming motility, and urease activity. |
| Definition (MSH) | A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is frequently isolated from clinical specimens. Its most common site of infection is the urinary tract. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D011513 |
| SnomedCT | 73457008 |
| LNC | LP102545-3 |
| Swedish | Proteus mirabilis |
| Czech | Proteus mirabilis |
| Finnish | Proteus mirabilis |
| English | P. mirabilis, mirabilis proteus, proteus mirabilis, mirabili proteus, PROTEUS MIRABILIS, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus mirabilis Hauser 1885, Proteus mirabilis (organism) |
| Polish | Proteus mirabilis |
| Norwegian | Proteus mirabilis |
| Spanish | Proteus mirabilis (organismo), Proteus mirabilis |
| French | Proteus mirabilis |
| German | Proteus mirabilis |
| Italian | Proteus mirabilis |
| Russian | PROTEUS MIRABILIS |
| Dutch | Proteus mirabilis |
| Portuguese | Proteus mirabilis |
