II. Characteristics
- Monocytes form in Bone Marrow from Myeloblasts as with other Granulocytes (Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils)
- Monocytes move from peripheral blood into tissue and become Macrophages
- Transformation to Macrophages controlled by Cytokines
- Functions
- Bacteriocidal activity without Phagocytosis
- Phagocytosis of dead or damaged cells and Bacteria (similar to Neutrophils)
- Macrophages directly perform the Phagocytosis
- Resulting Phagosome fuses with Lysosomes to digest the ingested material within the Phagosome
- Granuloma formation (epitheliod cells, multinucleated giant cells)
- Walling off of infection in response to chronic inflammation
- Result when Macrophages cannot lyse phagocytized material (e.g. silica, Asbestos, immune complexes)
- Macrophages expand, increasing cytoplasm, to form epitheliod cells
- Macrophages fuse to form multinucleated giant cells
- Monocyte Morphology on Blood Smear
- Mononuclear Leukocyte (same class as Lymphocyte)
- Slightly larger than a Lymphocyte
- Kidney shaped nucleus
- Macrophages (and related phagocytic cells) have specific names in certain tissues
- Alveolar Macrophage (lung)
- Dendritic Cells (Spleen, Lymph)
- Kuppfer Cell (Liver)
- Langerhans Cell (Skin)
- Dendritic Cell precursors
- Acute inflammation results in Langerhans Cell transit to regional Lymph Nodes
- Langerhans Cells transition to Dendritic Cells, carrying Antigen to present to Lymphocytes
- Mesangial Cell (Kidney)
- Microglia (Central Nervous System)
- Osteoclast (Bone)
III. Labs: Normal
- Range: 2-8% of White Blood Cells
IV. Causes: Increased
- Infection
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Sarcoidosis
- Neoplasms
- Monocytic Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Multiple Myeloma
V. Causes: Decreased
- Aplastic Anemia
- Lymphocytic Anemia
- Glucocorticoids
VI. Evaluation: Monocytosis (Monocytes >880/mm3)
- See Leukocytosis
- History and potential causes
- Travel and contagious contacts
- Diagnostics (consider)
- Chest XRay
- Specific infection testing (e.g. Monospot, PPD or quantiferon)
- Acute phase reactants (ESR, CRP)
VII. References
- Goldberg (2014) Clinical Physiology, Medmaster, Miami, p. 68-9
- Saiki in Friedman (1991) Medical Diagnosis, p. 227
- Abramson (2000) Am Fam Physician 62(9):2053-60 [PubMed]
- Riley (2015) Am Fam Physician 92(11):1004-11 [PubMed]
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Related Studies
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Specifické výrůstkovité buňky hematopoetického systému. Nacházejí se v celém lymfatickém systému a i v nelymfatických tkáních jako je např. KŮŽE a epitel střevního, dýchacího a reprodukčního ústrojí. Pohlcují a zpracovávají ANTIGENY, prezentují je T-BUŇKÁM a tím stimulují buňky imunitního systému. Liší se od nehematopoetických folikulárních dendritických buněk s podobnou morfologií a funkčností imunitního systému právě v produkci humorálních imunitních látek (PROTILÁTKY - TVORBA). dendritické buňky – buňky prezentující antigen APC (Antigen-Presented-Cells), uplatňují se v imunitních dějích (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online 2012, http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/) |
| Definition (NCI) | Immunocompetent cells of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. They function morphologically and phenotypically by presenting or processing antigens, thereby stimulating cellular immunity. They represent the most potent antigen-presenting cells and, therefore, play a critical role in the primary T cell immune response. |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A special type of immune cell that is found in tissues, such as the skin, and boosts immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system. A dendritic cell is a type of phagocyte and a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC). |
| Definition (CSP) | morphologic cell type; follicular d.c. found in germinal layers of spleen and lymph nodes and present antigen to B cells; cortical d.c. found in spleen white pulp and lymph node cortex and present antigen to T cells. |
| Definition (MSH) | Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION). |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D003713 |
| SnomedCT | 9683001 |
| English | Cell, Dendritic, Cells, Dendritic, Dendritic cell, cells dendritic, dendritic cells, cell dendritics, cell dendritic, Dendritic cells, dendritic cell, Dendritic Cell, Dendritic Cells |
| French | Cellules dendritiques, Cellule dendritique |
| Swedish | Dendritiska celler |
| Czech | dendritické buňky |
| Finnish | Dendriittisolut |
| Russian | DENDRITNYE KLETKI, DENDRITICHESKIE KLETKI, ДЕНДРИТИЧЕСКИЕ КЛЕТКИ, ДЕНДРИТНЫЕ КЛЕТКИ |
| Polish | Komórki dendrytyczne, Komórki interdigitalne, Komórki welonowe |
| Croatian | DENDRITIČKE STANICE, DENDRITIČNE STANICE |
| Japanese | 指状突起細胞, 樹状細胞, 樹枝状細胞, 薄膜細胞 |
| Norwegian | Dendrittiske celler |
| Spanish | Células Dendríticas Interdigitantes, Células Dendríticas |
| German | Dendritische Zellen |
| Italian | Cellule dendritiche |
| Dutch | Cel, dendritische, Dendritische cel |
| Portuguese | Células Dendríticas |
Ontology: Epithelioid Cells (C0014603)
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Velké buňky vznikající v místech některých zánětů, např. v tuberkulózních granulomech. Svým vzhledem připomínají buňky epitelu, jsou však odvozeny z bílých krvinek (makrofágů). (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ ) |
| Definition (NCI) | Characteristic cells of granulomatous hypersensitivity. They appear as large, flattened cells with increased endoplasmic reticulum. They are believed to be activated macrophages that have differentiated as a result of prolonged antigenic stimulation. Further differentiation or fusion of epithelioid cells is thought to produce multinucleated giant cells. (MeSH) |
| Definition (MSH) | Characteristic cells of granulomatous hypersensitivity. They appear as large, flattened cells with increased endoplasmic reticulum. They are believed to be activated macrophages that have differentiated as a result of prolonged antigenic stimulation. Further differentiation or fusion of epithelioid cells is thought to produce multinucleated giant cells (GIANT CELLS). |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D015622 |
| English | Cell, Epithelioid, Cells, Epithelioid, Epithelioid Cells, Epithelioid cell, epithelioid cells, epithelioid cell, Epithelioid Cell |
| French | Cellule épithélioïde, Cellules épithélioïdes |
| Swedish | Epiteloida celler |
| Czech | epiteloidní buňky |
| Finnish | Epiteloidisolut |
| Russian | EPITELIOIDNYE KLETKI, ЭПИТЕЛИОИДНЫЕ КЛЕТКИ |
| Latvian | Epitelioīdās šūnas |
| Polish | Komórki nabłonkowate |
| Norwegian | Epiteloide celler |
| Portuguese | Células Epitelioides |
| German | Epitheloidzellen |
| Italian | Cellule epitelioidi |
| Dutch | Cel, epitheloïd-, Epitheloïdcel, Epitheloïdcellen |
| Spanish | Células Epitelioides |
Ontology: Granuloma (C0018188)
| Definition (CHV) | small lump caused by inflammation |
| Definition (CHV) | small lump caused by inflammation |
| Definition (CHV) | small lump caused by inflammation |
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Nakupení granulační tkáně, někdy s velkými mnohojadernými buňkami (Langhansovými). Vzniká při chronickém zánětu vyvolaném např. některými bakteriemi, cizím tělesem aj. Je typický pro tuberkulózu, syfilis, lepru, sarkoidózu, Crohnovu nemoc, reakci na některé cizí látky a tělesa apod. Nemoci s mnohočetným výskytem g. se označují jako granulomatózy. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ ) |
| Definition (NCI) | An inflammatory reaction usually caused by infectious organisms, foreign bodies, or cholesterol deposits. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid histiocytes and chronic inflammation. |
| Definition (MSH) | A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. |
| Definition (CSP) | relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. |
| Concepts | Pathologic Function (T046) |
| MSH | D006099 |
| SnomedCT | 45647009, 6266001 |
| English | Granulomas, GRANULOMATOUS LESION, Granuloma NOS, Granulomatous lesion, Granuloma [Disease/Finding], granulomas, epithelioid granulomas, granulomatous lesions, granuloma, granulomatous lesion, GRANULOMA, Histiocytic granuloma, Epithelioid granuloma, Granuloma (morphologic abnormality), Granuloma, NOS, Granulomatous Lesion, Granuloma |
| German | GRANULOM, Granulom NNB, granulomatoese Laesion, Granulom |
| Dutch | granuloom NAO, granulomateuze laesie, granuloom, Granuloma |
| French | Lésion granulomateuse, Granulome SAI, LESION GRANULOMATEUSE, Granulome, Granulomes |
| Italian | Lesione granulomatosa, Granuloma NAS, Granulomi, Granuloma |
| Portuguese | Lesão granulomatosa, Granuloma NE, LESAO GRANULOMATOSA, Granuloma |
| Spanish | Lesión granulomatosa, Granuloma NEOM, GRANULOMATOSA, LESION, granuloma (anomalía morfológica), granuloma epitelioide, granuloma histiocítico, granuloma, Granuloma |
| Japanese | 肉芽腫病変, 肉芽腫ＮＯＳ, ﾆｸｹﾞｼｭ, ﾆｸｹﾞｼｭﾋﾞｮｳﾍﾝ, ﾆｸｹﾞｼｭNOS, 肉芽腫 |
| Swedish | Kornsvulst |
| Czech | granulom, Granulomatózní léze, Granulom NOS, Granulom |
| Finnish | Granulooma |
| Russian | GRANULEMA, ГРАНУЛЕМА |
| Croatian | GRANULOM |
| Polish | Ziarniniak |
| Hungarian | Granuloma, Granulomatosus laesio, Granuloma k.m.n. |
| Norwegian | Granulom, Betennelsesvevsknute, Granulomer |
Ontology: Langerhans cell (C0023005)
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Druh buněk prezentujících antigen (APC) při imunitních dějích v organismu (známy např. v kůži). Patří k dendritickým buňkám, které jsou zřejmě podobného původu jako makrofágy. Obsahují Birbeckova granula. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ ) |
| Definition (NCI) | Dendritic clear cells in the epidermis, containing distinctive granules that appear rod- or racket-shaped in section, but lacking tonofilaments, melanosomes, and desmosomes; they carry surface receptors for immunoglobulin (Fc) and complement (C3), and are believed to be antigen fixing and processing cells of monocytic origin; active participants in cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity. |
| Definition (CSP) | recirculating, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells containing characteristic racket shaped granules (Birbeck granules); found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis and are rich in Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. |
| Definition (MSH) | Recirculating, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells containing characteristic racket-shaped granules (Birbeck granules). They are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the EPIDERMIS and are rich in Class II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX molecules. Langerhans cells were the first dendritic cell to be described and have been a model of study for other dendritic cells (DCs), especially other migrating DCs such as dermal DCs and INTERSTITIAL DENDRITIC CELLS. |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D007801 |
| SnomedCT | 76322003 |
| English | Cells, Langerhans, Langerhans Cells, Non-Neoplastic Langerhans Cell, Epidermal Dendritic Cell, Cells, Epidermal Dendritic, Dendritic Cells, Epidermal, Cell, Epidermal Dendritic, Dendritic Cell, Epidermal, Epidermal Dendritic Cells, cell langerhans, cells langerhan, langerhan cell, langerhans cell, langerhans cells, cells langerhans, Langerhans cells, Langerhans' cell, Langerhans' cell (cell), Langerhans' cell (body structure), Langerhans Cell, Langerhans cell |
| French | Cellule de Langerhans, Cellules de Langerhans, Cellule dendritique épidermique, Cellules dendritiques de l'épiderme, Cellules dendritiques épidermiques |
| Swedish | Langerhansceller |
| Czech | Langerhansovy buňky, epidermální dendritické buňky |
| Finnish | Langerhansin solut |
| German | Epidermale dendritische Zellen, Dendritische Zellen, epidermale, Langerhans-Zellen |
| Italian | Cellule dendritiche epidermiche, Cellule di Langerhans |
| Russian | LANGERGANSA KLETKI, EPIDERMOTSIT BELYI OTROSTCHATYI, ЛАНГЕРГАНСА КЛЕТКИ, ЭПИДЕРМОЦИТ БЕЛЫЙ ОТРОСТЧАТЫЙ |
| Japanese | Langerhans細胞, ランゲルハンス細胞 |
| Croatian | LANGERHANSOVE STANICE |
| Polish | Komórki Langerhansa |
| Norwegian | Dendrittiske epidermisceller, Dendrittiske celler i overhuden, Langerhansceller |
| Spanish | célula de Langerhans (célula), célula de Langerhans (estructura corporal), célula de Langerhans, Células de Langerhans |
| Dutch | Cel, Langerhans-, Langerhanscel, Langerhanscellen |
| Portuguese | Células de Langerhans |
Ontology: macrophage (C0024432)
| Definition (CHV) | a kind of white blood cell |
| Definition (CHV) | a kind of white blood cell |
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Buňka, která je schopna pohlcování (fagocytózy) cizorodého materiálu včetně mikroorganismů. Plní i další významné úlohy v imunitě (produkce cytokinů a prezentace antigenů). Vzniká z bílé krvinky (monocytu). Podobného původu jsou i další buňky v organismu, např. histiocyty, Kupfferovy buňky, osteoklasty, mikroglie. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ ) |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells. |
| Definition (CSP) | mononuclear phagocytes found in tissue. |
| Definition (MSH) | The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.) |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D008264 |
| SnomedCT | 58986001 |
| HL7 | MAC |
| LNC | LP14314-6, MTHU016340 |
| English | Macrophages, Monocytes / Macrophages / APC, macrophages, Macrophage, Macrophage (cell), macrophage, Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages, Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages, Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage, Macrophage, Bone Marrow-Derived, Macrophage, Monocyte-Derived, Macrophages, Bone Marrow-Derived, Macrophages, Monocyte Derived, Macrophages, Monocyte-Derived, Monocyte Derived Macrophages, Monocyte-Derived Macrophages, Monocyte-Derived Macrophage |
| French | MDM (Macrophage Dérivé de Monocyte), Macrophages, Macrophages dérivés de monocytes, Macrophage, Macrophages dérivés de la moelle osseuse |
| Swedish | Makrofager |
| Czech | makrofágy |
| Finnish | Makrofagit |
| German | Knochenmark-generierte Makrophagen, Makrophagen, Monozyten-generierte, Makrophage, Monozyten-generierte Makrophagen, Makrophagen |
| Russian | MAKROFAGI, GISTIOTSIT-MAKROFAG, GISTOFAGOTSIT, ГИСТИОЦИТ-МАКРОФАГ, ГИСТОФАГОЦИТ, МАКРОФАГИ |
| Italian | Macrofago, Macrofagi derivati dai monociti, Macrofagi derivati dal midollo osseo, Macrofagi |
| Croatian | MAKROFAGI |
| Latvian | Makrofāgi |
| Polish | Makrofagi |
| Japanese | マクロファージ, 大食球, 大食細胞(ダイショクサイボウ), 大食細胞 |
| Norwegian | Makrofager, Makrofag, Makrofager som stammer fra beinmarg, Makrofager som stammer fra monocytter, Makrofager som stammer fra benmarg |
| Spanish | macrófago (célula), macrófago, Macrófagos, Macrófagos Derivados de Monocitos, Macrófagos Derivados de la Médula Ósea |
| Dutch | Macrofaag, Macrofagen |
| Portuguese | Macrófagos, Macrófagos Derivados da Medula Óssea, Macrófagos Derivados de Monócitos |
Ontology: Monocytes (C0026473)
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Druh bílé krvinky leukocytu, ze skupiny agranulocytů, mononukleárů. Velikost je 12–20 m, má nesegmentované jádro ledvinovitého tvaru, bazofilní cytoplasmu s četnými granuly a enzymy. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ ) |
| Definition (NCI) | Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow and travels through the blood to tissues in the body where it becomes a macrophage. Macrophages surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, remove dead cells, and boost immune responses. A monocyte is a type of white blood cell and a type of phagocyte. |
| Definition (MSH) | Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. |
| Definition (CSP) | large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood and tissues where they develop into macrophages; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D009000 |
| SnomedCT | 55918008 |
| LNC | LP14313-8, LP32104-9, MTHU012776 |
| English | monocytes, Blood monocytes, Monocytes, blood monocytes, monocytic, monocyte, Monocyte, Monocyte (cell), Monocyte, NOS |
| Dutch | bloed monocyten, monocyten, Monocyt, Monocyten |
| French | Monocytes sanguins, Monocyte, Monocytes |
| German | Monozyten im Blut, Monozyten |
| Italian | Monociti ematici, Monocita, Monociti |
| Portuguese | Monócitos no sangue, Monócitos |
| Spanish | Monocitos en sangre, monocito (célula), monocito, Monocitos |
| Japanese | 血中単球, ｹｯﾁｭｳﾀﾝｷｭｳ, ﾀﾝｷｭｳ, 単球 |
| Swedish | Monocyter |
| Czech | monocyty, Monocyty v krvi, Monocyty |
| Finnish | Monosyytit |
| Russian | MONOTSITY, МОНОЦИТЫ |
| Croatian | MONOCITI |
| Latvian | Monocīti |
| Polish | Monocyty |
| Hungarian | Monocita vérszint, Monociták |
| Norwegian | Monocytt, Monocytter |
Ontology: Macrophages, Alveolar (C0085236)
| Definition (NCI) | Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells. |
| Definition (MSH) | Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells. |
| Definition (CSP) | round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs that ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells. |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D016676 |
| SnomedCT | 33956004 |
| English | Alveolar Macrophages, Macrophage, Alveolar, Macrophage, Pulmonary, Macrophages, Alveolar, Macrophages, Pulmonary, Pulmonary Macrophage, Pulmonary Macrophages, alveolar macrophage, MACROPHAGE PULM, MACROPHAGES PULM, PULM MACROPHAGES, PULM MACROPHAGE, alveolar macrophages, macrophages alveolar, Alveolar macrophage, Alveolar macrophage (cell), Alveolar Macrophage |
| French | Cellules à poussières, Macrophages des alvéoles pulmonaires, Macrophages alvéolaires pulmonaires, Macrophages alvéolaires, Macrophage alvéolaire, Macrophage pulmonaire |
| Swedish | Makrofager, alveolära |
| Czech | makrofágy alveolární, makrofágy plicní |
| Finnish | Alveolimakrofagit |
| Russian | MAKROFAGI LEGOCHNYE, LEGOCHNYE MAKROFAGI, AL'VEOLIARNYE MAKROFAGI, MAKROFAGI AL'VEOLIARNYE, АЛЬВЕОЛЯРНЫЕ МАКРОФАГИ, ЛЕГОЧНЫЕ МАКРОФАГИ, МАКРОФАГИ АЛЬВЕОЛЯРНЫЕ, МАКРОФАГИ ЛЕГОЧНЫЕ |
| Italian | Macrofago polmonare, Macrofagi polmonari, Macrofagi alveolari |
| Croatian | MAKROFAGI, ALVEOLARNI |
| Latvian | Plaušu makrofāgi, Makrofāgi, alveolārie, Makrofāgi, plaušu, Alveolārie makrofāgi |
| Polish | Makrofagi płucne, Makrofagi w pęcherzykach płucnych |
| Japanese | 肺胞マクロファージ, 肺胞内マクロファージ, マクロファージ-肺胞, 肺マクロファージ, マクロファージ-肺 |
| Norwegian | Makrofager, pulmonale, Pulmonale makrofager, Makrofager, alveolære, Pulmonal makrofag, Alveolære makrofager |
| Spanish | macrófago alveolar (célula), macrófago alveolar, Macrófagos Alveolares, Macrófagos Pulmonares |
| German | Makrophagen, pulmonale, Pulmonale Makrophagen, Alveoläre Makrophagen, Makrophagen, alveoläre |
| Dutch | Alveolaire macrofagen, Longmacrofagen, Macrofaag, alveolaire, Macrofagen, long-, Pulmonaire macrofaag |
| Portuguese | Macrófagos Alveolares, Macrófagos Pulmonares |
Ontology: Monocyte count procedure (C0200637)
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | A measurement of the monocytes in a biological specimen. |
| Definition (NCI) | The determination of the number of monocytes in a blood sample. |
| Concepts | Laboratory Procedure (T059) |
| SnomedCT | 142949003, 165542004, 142955008, 67776007, 365631001 |
| Italian | Conta dei monociti |
| Japanese | 単球数, ﾀﾝｷｭｳｽｳ |
| English | Monocyte Count, blood monocyte count (lab test), blood monocyte count, monocyte count, Monocyte count procedure, count monocytes, Monocyte count NOS (procedure), Monocyte count NOS, MONO, Monocytes, Monocyte count, Monocyte count (procedure) |
| Czech | Počet monocytů |
| Hungarian | Monocita szám |
| Spanish | recuento de monocitos, SAI, recuento de monocitos, SAI (procedimiento), Monocyte count NOS, recuento de monocitos (procedimiento), recuento de monocitos, Recuento de monocitos |
| Portuguese | Número de monócitos |
| Dutch | monocytentelling |
| French | Monocytes |
| German | Monozytenzahl |
Ontology: Microglia (C0206116)
| Definition (NCI) | A type of glial cell. Microglia are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling. (MeSH) |
| Definition (MSH) | The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling. |
| Definition (CSP) | small, mobile, phagocytic neuroglila of the CNS derived from mesodermal progenitor cells of the monocyte-macrophage type. |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D017628 |
| SnomedCT | 63483002 |
| English | Microglia, gitter cell, Hortega cell, mesoglia, microgliocyte, perivascular glial cell, Small glial cell, Microglial cell, Set of microglial cells, Microglial cells set, small glial cell, microglial cell, microglia, Microgliocyte, Gitter cell, Microgliocyte (cell) |
| French | Cellules microgliales, Cellule microgliale, Microglie |
| Swedish | Mikroglia |
| Czech | mikroglie |
| Finnish | Mikroglia |
| Russian | MIKROGLIIA, MEZOGLIIA, МЕЗОГЛИЯ, МИКРОГЛИЯ |
| Polish | Mikroglej |
| Norwegian | Mikroglia |
| Croatian | Mikroglija |
| Spanish | célula Gitter, célula granular compuesta, microglia, microgliocito (célula), microgliocito, Microglía |
| German | Mikroglia |
| Italian | Microglia |
| Dutch | Microglia |
| Portuguese | Microglia |
Ontology: Mesangial Cells, Kidney (C0227651)
| Definition (NCI) | Cell found within the glomerular lobules of mammalian kidney. Mesangial cells serve as structural supports, may regulate blood flow, are phagocytic and may act as accessory cells, presenting antigen in immune responses. |
| Definition (MSH) | Smooth muscle-like cells adhering to the wall of the small blood vessels of the KIDNEY at the glomerulus and along the vascular pole of the glomerulus in the JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS. They are myofibroblasts with contractile and phagocytic properties. These cells and their MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX constitute the GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM. |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D050527 |
| SnomedCT | 24259000 |
| French | Cellule mésangiale, Cellules du mésangium, Cellules mésangiales du rein, Cellules mésangiales rénales, Cellules mésangiales |
| Swedish | Mesangiala celler |
| Czech | mesangiální buňky, renální mesangiální buňky |
| Finnish | Mesangiaaliset solut |
| Italian | Cellule mesangiali del rene, Cellule mesangiali renali, Cellule mesangiali |
| Russian | MEZANGIAL'NYE KLETKI, KLUBOCHKOVYE MEZANGIAL'NYE KLETKI, КЛУБОЧКОВЫЕ МЕЗАНГИАЛЬНЫЕ КЛЕТКИ, МЕЗАНГИАЛЬНЫЕ КЛЕТКИ |
| English | Glomerular mesangial cell, Mesangial cell of glomerulus, Mesangial Cells, Kidney, mesangial cell, cells mesangial, Mesangial cell, Mesangial cell (cell), Mesangial cell (body structure), Mesangial Cell, Cell, Kidney Mesangial, Cell, Mesangial, Cell, Renal Mesangial, Cells, Kidney Mesangial, Cells, Renal Mesangial, Kidney Mesangial Cells, Kidney Mesangial Cell, Mesangial Cell, Kidney, Mesangial Cell, Renal, Mesangial Cells, Renal, Mesangial Cells, Renal Mesangial Cells, Renal Mesangial Cell, Cells, Mesangial |
| Japanese | メサンギウム細胞 |
| Polish | Komórki mezangium, Komórki mezangialne |
| Norwegian | Mesangialceller, Mesangiale celler, Mesangiumceller |
| Spanish | célula mesangial (célula), célula mesangial (estructura corporal), célula mesangial, Células Mesangiales |
| Portuguese | Células Mesangiais |
| German | Mesangiumzellen, Niere, Mesangiumzellen, Renale Mesangiumzellen |
Ontology: Macrophage count (C1294065)
| Definition (NCI) | The determination of the number of macrophages present in a sample. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | A measurement of the macrophages in a biological specimen. |
| Concepts | Laboratory Procedure (T059) |
| SnomedCT | 118140002 |
| Czech | Počet makrofágů |
| Dutch | macrofagentelling |
| French | Compte de macrophages |
| German | Makrophagenzahl |
| Hungarian | Makrofágszám |
| Italian | Conta dei macrofagi |
| Japanese | マクロファージ数, ﾏｸﾛﾌｧｰｼﾞｽｳ |
| Portuguese | Número de macrófagos |
| Spanish | Recuento de macrófagos, recuento de macrófagos (procedimiento), recuento de macrófagos |
| English | Macrophage Count, MCPHG, Macrophages, Macrophage count (procedure), Macrophage count |
