II. Causes: Primary Intralaryngeal
- Acute Laryngitis
-
Chronic Laryngitis
- See Medication Causes of Hoarseness
- Foreign Body Ingestion
- Voice Abuse (most common cause)
- Irritants
- Gastroesophageal Reflux (Reflux Laryngitis)
- Alcohol Abuse
- Tobacco smoke exposure (or other environmental irritants)
- Irritative Laryngitis with edema of Vocal Cords
- Laryngeal growths
- Laryngeal Neoplasm (esp. Squamous Cell Carcinoma or premalignant dysplasia)
- Laryngeal Polyp (or laryngeal papillomatosis) or Nodules
- Reinke Edema (polypoid chorditis, cysts or pseudocysts)
- Traumatic Granuloma from intubation
III. Causes: Secondary Intralaryngeal
- Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Weakness
- Hypothyroidism
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Bulbar palsy (severe Dysphagia also present)
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Age-related voice atrophy
- Parkinsonism
- Cerebrovascular Accident
- Cricoarytenoid joint Arthritis or fixation
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Gout
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Acromegaly
- Sarcoidosis
- Trauma (e.g. Intubation)
IV. Causes: Laryngeal Nerve Damage (left recurrent laryngeal nerve)
- Surgical Procedures (Thyroid, neck, chest)
- Vagus Nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
- Malignancies
- Neuropathy
V. Causes: Functional Hoarseness (no organic cause)
- Dysphonia Plicae Ventricularis
- Spastic Dysphonia (Spasmodic Dysphonia)
- Aphonia (complete absence of voice)
- Conversion Aphonia