II. Physiology
- Sounds are generated by Larynx when air us forced through Vocal Cords that are partially closed
- Sound is further modified by lip, Tongue and Soft Palate
III. Anatomy: Three levels of Larynx (from base of Tongue, down to trachea)
- Supraglottis (Tongue base to above true Vocal Cords)
- Protected by Hyoid Bone, Thyroid cartilage
- Contains epiglottis, false Vocal Cords, arytenoids
- Glottis (true Vocal Cords to 1 cm below)
- Protected by Thyroid cartilage
- Contains true Vocal Cords
- Subglottis (below true Vocal Cords to cricoid cartilage)
- Protected by cricoid cartilage
IV. Anatomy: General
- Nerve innervation (branches of Vagus Nerve)
- Superior laryngeal nerve
- Internal branch (enters supraglottis between hyoid and Thyroid cartilages)
- External branch (enters glottis laterally via cricothyroid membrane)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve (inferior laryngeal nerve) innervates glottis through cricothyroid membrane
- Right - ascends along aortic arch
- Left - ascends along subclavian artery
- Superior laryngeal nerve
- Muscles
V. Anatomy: Images
-
General
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
- Cartilage
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
-
Muscles
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
- Vocal Cords
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
Lewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| Definition (MSH) | Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing. |
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Patologické procesy v jakékoli části hrtanu (LARYNX), který koordinuje mnoho funkcí jako např. hlas, dýchání, polykání a kašel. |
| Definition (NCI) | A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the larynx. Representative examples include laryngitis, vocal cord polyp, squamous papilloma, and carcinoma. |
| Definition (CSP) | condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the larynx. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D007818 |
| ICD9 | 478.70 |
| ICD10 | S12.8 , J38.7 |
| SnomedCT | 60600009, 195863001 |
| English | Disease, Laryngeal, Diseases, Laryngeal, Diseases, Larynx, Laryngeal Diseases, Larynx Disease, Larynx Diseases, Unspecified disease of larynx, larynx disorder, Disease, Larynx, Disease of larynx unspecified, LARYNGEAL DIS, LARYNX DIS, Disease of the larynx, disorder of larynx, disorder of larynx (diagnosis), Laryngeal disorder NOS, Larynx, Disease of larynx NOS, Laryngeal Diseases [Disease/Finding], disease larynx, laryngeal diseases, diseases larynx, disease of the larynx, laryngeal disorders, larynx diseases, disorders larynx, Disease of larynx unspecified (disorder), Larynx--Diseases, Laryngeal disorder, Disorder of larynx, Disease of larynx, disease (or disorder); larynx, larynx; disease, Disease of the larynx, NOS, Disease of the larynx (disorder), Disorder of the larynx (disorder), Disorder of the larynx, Laryngeal Disorders, Laryngeal Disease, Laryngeal Disorder, laryngeal disease, laryngeal disorder |
| Italian | Affezione della laringe, Malattie della laringe non specificate, Affezione della laringe NAS, Malattie laringee, Malattie della laringe |
| Dutch | niet-gespecificeerde ziekte van de larynx, larynxaandoening NAO, aandoening; larynx, larynx; aandoening, larynxaandoening, Larynxziekte, Larynxziekten, Ziekte, larynx-, Ziekten, larynx- |
| French | Trouble laryngé SAI, Maladie non précisée du larynx, Trouble laryngé, Maladies du larynx, Maladies laryngées |
| German | Affektion des Kehlkopfes NNB, nicht naeher bezeichnete Erkrankung der Larynx, Erkrankung des Kehlkopfes, Larynxkrankheiten, Kehlkopfkrankheiten |
| Portuguese | Doença NE da laringe, Afecção laríngea NE, Laringopatias, Afecção laríngea, Doenças da Laringe |
| Spanish | Enfermedad no especificada de la laringe, Trastorno laríngeo NEOM, enfermedad de la laringe (trastorno), enfermedad de laringe, no especificada (trastorno), enfermedad de laringe, no especificada, Trastorno laríngeo, trastorno de la laringe (trastorno), trastorno de la laringe, enfermedad de la laringe, Enfermedades de la Laringe |
| Japanese | 喉頭障害ＮＯＳ, 詳細不明の喉頭疾患, 喉頭障害, ｺｳﾄｳｼｮｳｶﾞｲ, ｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲﾉｺｳﾄｳｼｯｶﾝ, ｺｳﾄｳｼｮｳｶﾞｲNOS, 喉頭疾患, 喉頭軟骨炎, 喉頭軟骨膜炎 |
| Swedish | Struphuvudsjukdomar |
| Finnish | Kurkunpään sairaudet |
| Russian | GORTANI PERIKHONDRIT, GORTANI BOLEZNI, ГОРТАНИ БОЛЕЗНИ, ГОРТАНИ ПЕРИХОНДРИТ |
| Czech | Onemocnění laryngu blíže neurčené, Laryngeální porucha, Laryngeální porucha NOS, larynx - nemoci, nemoci laryngu, nemoci hrtanu |
| Croatian | GRKLJAN, BOLESTI, LARINGEALNE BOLESTI, BOLESTI GRKLJANA |
| Polish | Choroby krtani, Zapalenie ochrzęstnej krtani |
| Hungarian | Gége nem meghatározott betegsége, Gége betegség, Gége betegség k.m.n. |
| Norwegian | Larynxsykdommer, Strupesykdommer |
Ontology: Vocal cord structure (C0042930)
| Definition (MSH) | A pair of cone-shaped elastic mucous membrane projecting from the laryngeal wall and forming a narrow slit between them. Each contains a thickened free edge (vocal ligament) extending from the THYROID CARTILAGE to the ARYTENOID CARTILAGE, and a VOCAL MUSCLE that shortens or relaxes the vocal cord to control sound production. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | A pair of small bands of muscle that stretch from the thyroid cartilage in front to the arytenoid cartilage in back of the larynx. The vocal cords help prevent food entering the lungs and produce sound through vibration. (NCI) |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | One of two small bands of muscle within the larynx that vibrates to produce the voice. |
| Definition (NCI) | A pair of small bands of muscle that stretch from the thyroid cartilage in front to the arytenoid cartilage in back of the larynx. The vocal cords help prevent food entering the lungs and produce sound through vibration. |
| Definition (CSP) | fold of mucous membrane covering the vocalis muscle in the larynx. |
| Concepts | Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023) |
| MSH | D014827 |
| SnomedCT | 46105003 |
| HL7 | VOC |
| English | Cord, Vocal, Cords, Vocal, Fold, Vocal, Folds, Vocal, Vocal Cords, Vocal Fold, vocal fold, Plica vocalis, Vocal Folds, Vocal folds, cord vocal, cords vocal, fold vocal, true vocal cord, vocal cord, vocal folds, cords true vocal, folds vocal, vocal cords, Vocal cords, VOCAL CORD, Vocal cord, True cord, True vocal cord, Vocal fold, Vocal cord structure (body structure), Vocal cord structure, Vocal cord, NOS, Vocal fold, NOS, Vocal Cord, True Vocal Cord |
| French | Pli vocal, Plis vocaux, Cordes vocales, Corde vocale, Pli vocal du larynx |
| Swedish | Stämband |
| Czech | plica vocalis, hlasová řasa, hlasové řasy, řasa hlasová |
| Finnish | Äänihuulet |
| Russian | GOLOSOVYE SVIAZKI, GOLOSOVAIA SKLADKA, ГОЛОСОВАЯ СКЛАДКА, ГОЛОСОВЫЕ СВЯЗКИ |
| Japanese | 声帯, 声帯ひだ, 声帯ヒダ |
| Portuguese | Pregas Vocais, Cordas Vocais, Prega Vocal, Ligamentos Vocais |
| Spanish | Pliegues Vocales, Cuerdas Vocales, Pliegue Vocal, Ligamentos Vocales, cuerda verdadera, cuerda vocal verdadera, cuerda vocal, estructura de la cuerda vocal (estructura corporal), estructura de la cuerda vocal, Cuerda Vocal Verdadera |
| Croatian | GLASNICE |
| Polish | Struna głosowa, Więzadło głosowe |
| Norwegian | Plica vocalis, Plicae vocales, Stemmebåndfold, Stemmebånd, Stemmebåndfolder |
| German | Stimmlippe, Stimmbänder |
| Italian | Corde vocali |
| Dutch | Stemband, Stembanden |
