Sleep Apnea

Aka: Sleep Apnea

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II. Epidemiology

  1. Affects more men than women
  2. Prevalence
    1. Children: 1-2% (Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy)
    2. Adult Males
      1. Adults: 9%
      2. Elderly: 27%
    3. Adult Females
      1. Adults: 4%
      2. Elderly: 19%

III. Types

  1. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
    1. Cessation of air flow despite respiratory effort
    2. Obstruction in low pharynx
      1. Between base of Tongue and Larynx
  2. Central Sleep Apnea
    1. Cessation of air flow and respiratory effort for at least 10 seconds
    2. Effects diaphragmatic or intercostal effort
  3. Mixed Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Central Sleep Apnea

IV. Complications

  1. Hypertension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Asystole
  4. Ventricular irritability
  5. Nocturnal sudden death
  6. Right Heart Failure
  7. Pulmonary Hypertension

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