II. Pathophysiology
- Uncontrolled intrinsic laryngeal Muscle Contraction
- Neurogenic causes in most cases
- Psychogenic in some cases surrounding life stressors
III. Symptoms
- Jerky, poorly coordinated voice
- Variations in pitch and intensity
- Halting, strained or strangled sound
- Normal during singing, crying and laughing
IV. Signs
- Hyperadduction of the true and false Vocal Cords
V. Management
- Psychogenic Dysphonia
- Speech pathology
- Neurogenic Dysphonia
- Local injection Botulinum Toxin into vocal folds