II. Physiology
- Maturation
- Forms in Bone Marrow from Myeloblasts as with other Granulocytes (Basophils, Neutrophils, Monocytes)
- Matures in Bone Marrow over 8 days
- Moves to peripheral blood where it spends 8-12 hours
- Moves to target tissue where it spends 1-2 weeks
- Function: Response to Allergy and Parasitic Infection
- Responds to Mast Cell, Basophil chemotactic factors
- Type 1 Hypersensitivity Response - Late Phase (hours after exposure)
- Phagocyte (engulfs extracellular pathogens)
- Parasite (e.g. Helminth) response
- Antigen Presenting Cell
- Eosinophil granule contents (Proteins)
- Antiparasitic Agents with tissue toxicity effect
- Neurotoxins
- Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin (EDN)
- Eosinophil Peroxidase (EPO) - also listed above
- Markers of Eosinophil activity in Asthma
- Other Proteins
- Charcot-Leyden Crystals
- Lysophosphatase
- Cytokines
-
Surface Receptors
- IgE Receptors
- IgE-Antigen complex binding results in Eosinophil activation and degranulation
- IgG Receptors
- Complement Receptors
- IgE Receptors
III. Labs: Morphology on Blood Smear
- Granulocyte stains brightly with Eosin Stain (due to Major Basic Protein or MBP)
- Bilobed nucleus
- Diameter: 12-17 microns
IV. Interpretation: Normal
- Range: 1-4% of peripheral blood cells
V. Types: Eosinophilia
- Familial Eosinophilia (Familial Hypereosinophilic Syndrome)
- Rare autosomal condition (most Hypereosinophilic Syndromes are not inherited)
- Acquired
- Primary Eosinophilia
- Idiopathic
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (>1500 Eosinophils/uL x6 months without known cause)
- Clonal Eosinophilia
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia and other malignancies (see below)
- Idiopathic
- Secondary Eosinophilia
- See below
- Primary Eosinophilia
VI. Causes: Increased (Eosinophilia)
- See Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
- Allergy
- Dermatologic Disorders
- Parasitic or Tropical infection (esp. worm infestation)
- Trichinosis
- Aspergillosis
- Hydatidosis
- Angiostrongylus
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Capillariasis
- Cysticercosis
- Echinococcus
- Fascioliasis
- Filariasis
- Gnathostomiasis
- Paragonimiasis
- Schistosomiasis
- Strongyloidiasis
- Toxocara
- Trichuris trichiura
- Bacterial Infection
- Viral Infection
- Fungal Infection
- Myeloproliferative disorders and other Malignancies (primary clonal Eosinophilia)
-
Collagen-vascular diseases
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Periarteritis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome
- Linked to L-Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) usage in 1989 (suspected contaminant)
- Medications
- Antibiotics
- NSAIDS and antiinflammatory agents
- Psychiatric Agents
- Miscellaneous
- Chlorpropamide (hypoglycemic agent)
- Procarbazine (Chemotherapy)
- Miscellaneous
- Radiation Therapy
- Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
- Sarcoidosis
- Addison's Disease
- Loffler's Syndrome
VII. Evaluation: Eosinophilia (Eosinophils >500/mm3)
- See Leukocytosis
- History and potential causes
- Travel history
- New medications
- Diagnostics (consider)
- Dermatitis biopsy (if present)
- Consider allergy and immunology Consultation or testing
- Consider Parasite testing (e.g. stool Ova and Parasites)
VIII. References
- Mahmoudi (2014) Immunology Made Ridiculously Simple, MedMaster, Miami, FL
- Saiki in Friedman (1991) Medical Diagnosis, p. 227
- Abramson (2000) Am Fam Physician 62(9):2053-60 [PubMed]
- Riley (2015) Am Fam Physician 92(11):1004-11 [PubMed]
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| Definition (MSH) | Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs. |
| Definition (CSP) | disordered formation of eosinophils or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D004802 |
| ICD9 | 288.3 |
| ICD10 | D72.1 |
| SnomedCT | 418928000, 191363000, 165524009, 27955006 |
| English | Eosinophilia, Eosinophilias, EOSINOPHILIA, Eosinophilia NOS, eosinophilic leukocytosis (diagnosis), eosinophilia, eosinophilia (diagnosis), eosinophilic leukocytosis, Eosinophilia [Disease/Finding], eosinophilias, increased eosinophils, eosinophils increased, high eosinophil count, Eosinophilic leucocytosis, Eosinophilia (disorder), Eosinophilia NOS (disorder), Eosinophilia, NOS, Eosinophilia (disorder) [Ambiguous], Eosinophilic leukocytosis |
| French | EOSINOPHILIE, Eosinophilie, Éosinophilie |
| Spanish | EOSINOFILIA, leucocitosis eosinófila, leucocitosis con eosinofilia, eosinofilia, SAI (trastorno), eosinofilia, eosinofilia (hallazgo), recuento elevado de eosinófilos, eosinofilia, SAI, eosinofilia (trastorno), eosinofilia (concepto no activo), Eosinofilia |
| German | EOSINOPHILIE, Eosinophilie |
| Swedish | Eosinofili |
| Japanese | ｺｳｻﾝｷｭｳｿﾞｳｶｼｮｳ, 好酸球増加症, エオシン好性細胞増加症, 好酸球増加症-熱帯性, 熱帯性好酸球増加症, 好酸球増加, 好酸球性白血球増多症, 好酸球増多, 好酸球増多症 |
| Czech | eozinofilie, Eozinofilie |
| Finnish | Eosinofilia |
| Russian | EOZINOFILIIA, ЭОЗИНОФИЛИЯ |
| Portuguese | EOSINIFILIA, Eosinofilia |
| Korean | 호산구증다증 |
| Croatian | EOZINOFILIJA |
| Polish | Eozynofilia |
| Hungarian | eosinophilia |
| Norwegian | Eosinofili |
| Dutch | eosinofilie, Eosinofilie |
| Italian | Eosinofilia |
Ontology: eosinophil (C0014467)
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Eozinofilní granulocyt. Druh bílé krvinky (leukocyt) svýznamem v obraně proti parazitům a při alergii. Při těchto stavech je množství e. v krvi zvýšeno – eozinofilie. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ ) |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions, and asthma. An eosinophil is a type of white blood cell and a type of granulocyte. |
| Definition (NCI) | Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin. |
| Definition (MSH) | Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin. |
| Definition (CSP) | granular leukocyte readily stained by eosin; granules are coarse, round, and uniform in size; the nucleus usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin; these cells are thought to play a specialized role in immunity to helminth infections. |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D004804 |
| SnomedCT | 14793004 |
| HL7 | EOS |
| LNC | LP28567-3, LP14539-8, MTHU009211, LA12895-1 |
| English | Eosinophils, Eosinophil, segmented, eosinocyte, acidophilic leukocyte, eosinophilic granulocyte, eosinophilic leukocyte, Eosinophil leukocyte, Eosinophil leucocyte, Blood eosinophils, eosinophils, blood eosinophils, Eosinophil, Eosinophil, segmented (cell), Blood Eosinophil, eosinophil |
| Spanish | eosinófilo, segmentado, Eosinófilos en sangre, eosinófilo, segmentado (célula), eosinófilo, Eosinófilos |
| Dutch | bloed eosinofielen, eosinofielen, Eosinofyl, Eosinofylen |
| French | Eosinophiles, Eosinophiles sanguins, Granulocytes éosinophiles, Granulocyte éosinophile, Éosinophiles, Polynucléaire éosinophile, Polynucléaires éosinophiles, PNE (Polynucléaire éosinophile), Granulocyte acidophile |
| German | Eosinophile im Blut, Eosinophile Granulozyten, Eosinophile Leukozyten, Eosinophile |
| Italian | Esinofili ematici, Eosinofili |
| Portuguese | Eosinófilos no sangue, Eosinófilos |
| Japanese | 好酸球, 血中好酸球, ｹｯﾁｭｳｺｳｻﾝｷｭｳ, ｺｳｻﾝｷｭｳ |
| Swedish | Eosinofila leukocyter |
| Czech | granulocyty eozinofilní, eozinofily, Eozinofily v krvi, Eozinofily |
| Finnish | Eosinofiilit |
| Russian | EOZINOFILY, LEIKOTSITY EOZINOFIL'NYE, ЛЕЙКОЦИТЫ ЭОЗИНОФИЛЬНЫЕ, ЭОЗИНОФИЛЫ |
| Croatian | EOZINOFILI |
| Latvian | Eozinofili |
| Polish | Granulocyty eozynofilne, Granulocyty kwasochłonne, Komórki kwasochłonne krwi, Eozynofile |
| Hungarian | Eozinofil vérszint, Eozinofilek |
| Norwegian | Leukocytter, eosinofile, Granulocytter, eosinofile, Eosinofile granulocytter, Eosinofile leukocytter, Eosinofile celler |
Ontology: Eosinophil count procedure (C0200638)
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | A measurement of the eosinophils in a biological specimen. |
| Definition (NCI) | The determination of the number of eosinophils in a blood sample. |
| Concepts | Laboratory Procedure (T059) |
| SnomedCT | 165525005, 71960002, 365601007 |
| Italian | Conta eosinofila |
| Japanese | 好酸球数, ｺｳｻﾝｷｭｳｽｳ |
| English | Eosinophil Count, blood eosinophil count (lab test), blood eosinophil count, eosinophil count, Eosinophil count procedure, counts eosinophil, eosinophil count test, count eosinophil, Eosinophil count NOS, Eosinophil count NOS (procedure), Eosinophils, EOS, Eosinophil count, Eosinophil count (procedure), Eosinophil count - observation |
| Czech | Počet eozinofilů |
| Hungarian | Eozinofil szám |
| Spanish | recuento de eosinófilos, SAI, recuento de eosinófilos, SAI (procedimiento), recuento de eosinófilos (procedimiento), recuento de eosinófilos, Recuento de eosinófilos |
| Portuguese | Número de eosinófilos |
| Dutch | eosinofielentelling |
| French | Eosinophiles |
| German | Eosinophilenzahl |
