II. Definitions
- Fragment Antigen Binding (Fab)
- Antibody region that recognizes and binds Antigens
- Fragment Crystallizable (Fc)
- Antibody region that interacts with Immune System components
- Endogenous Fc triggers Natural Killer Cells and complement cascade
- Synthetic monoclonal antibodies may bind Fc to toxins or radioisotopes in Chemotherapy
- Ligand
- Molecule that binds to a specific receptor
- Humoral Immunity
- Humoral Immunity (i.e. B-Cells and antibodies) targets extracellular pathogens
- Part of Adaptive Immunity (learned Immunity) in combination with cellular Immunity (T-Cell function)
- Isotype
- Individual Antibody groups (Immunoglobulin A, E, G, M and D)
- Allotope
- Isotype (Immunoglobulin A, E, G, M and D) variation specific to an individual
- Functionally insignificant changes in Antibody structure that differentiates Isotypes from one individual to another
- Idiotype
- Antigen receptor types found on Lymphocytes
- B Cell Idiotypes are identical to their corresponding antibodies
- T Cell Idiotypes vary considerably from their B Cell counterparts, but still respond to the same Antigen
III. Physiology: B-Cells
- Derivation
- Fetal Liver
- Bone Marrow Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Peripheral Migration to Secondary Lymphoid Tissue
- Spleen
- Lymph Nodes
- Peyer's Patches (Small Bowel)
- Clonal Selection Theory
- Immature Lymphocytes are generated from hematopoietic stem cells
- Lymphocytes mature into inactive Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes differentiate to inactive Lymphocytes, each ready to respond to a limited set of Antigens
- Antibodies that recognize self Antigens are inactivate and destroyed (including during fetal development)
- Self Tolerance is critical to preventing Autoimmune Disease
- Foreign Antigen is encountered
- B-Lymphocyte is activated and multiple clones of the reacting Lymphocyte are made
- Each B-Lymphocyte produces a variety of slightly different antibodies against an Antigen
- Contrast with identical monoclonal antibodies produced in the lab, and by lymphocytic tumors
- Resources
- Activation
- Images
- Recognition
- Antigen binds B-Lymphocyte Surface Receptor (BCR)
- Protein Antigens
- Primary response (IgM mediated after 5-10 days)
- Secondary response (highly specific, IgG mediated after another 1-3 days)
- More specific response via T-Helper-mediated B-memory cell proliferation
- Carbohydrate Antigens
- Limited secondary response due to lack of T-Cell (and related B-memory cell) involvement
- Associated with less potent and shorter duration immune response (compared with protein)
- Protein Antigens
- BCR binding activates B-Lymphocyte
- T-Cell Independent Antigen (e.g. inert Antigens) alone activate B-Cells
- T-Cell Dependent Antigen (e.g. microbes) require added stmulus (e.g. T Cells)
- Phagocytes (e.g. Macrophages) identify foreign Antigen and release Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
- Interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulates T-Helper Cells
- T-Helper Cells release Cytokines that promote B Cell Proliferation and Differentiation
- Antigen binds B-Lymphocyte Surface Receptor (BCR)
- B-Cell Proliferation
- Activated Lymphocytes proliferate
- B-Cell Differentiation
- Plasma Cells (Antibody producing cells)
- Survive for days to weeks in lymph nodes and Spleen, producing antibodies, and without replicating
- Memory Cells
- Formed in germinal centers of lymphoid tissue and then distribute to peripheral circulation
- Remain in B-Lymphocyte pool ready to respond to the same Antigen in future
- Future Antigen response is known as secondary immune response
- Plasma Cells (Antibody producing cells)
- Images
IV. Physiology: Immunoglobulin
- Images
- Immunoglobulins (or antibodies) are Y-Shaped glycoproteins generated by Plasma Cells
- Immunoglobulin is composed of a 4 chain monomeric structure
- Two heavy chains (identical)
- Five heavy chain classes: M, D, E, A, and G1-4
- Two light chains (identical)
- Two light chain classes: kappa and lambda
- Two heavy chains (identical)
- Immunoglobulin stem (Fc) is composed of 2 identical heavy chains
- Two Immunoglobulin Arms emanate from the stem
- Each arm is composed of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains
- The end of each arm contains an Antigen binding site (Fab)
- Immunoglobulins have 2 forms
- Membrane bound Immunoglobulins (on surface of B-Cell)
- Secretory Immunoglobulin (unbound, free-floating)
- Monomeric antibodies exist as single Antibody molecules (IgE or IgG)
- Multimeric antibodies exist as multiple joined antibodies (IgA or IgM)
- Connected with J Chains
- Antibodies
- Immunoglobulin (Ig)
V. Types: Immunoglobulins (Isotypes)
-
Immunoglobulin G (IgG and subclasses IgG1-4)
- Monomer with Molecular weight 160,000 dalton
- Accounts for 75% of all Antibody
- Serum half-life of 23 days
- Responsible for long lasting Immunity (secondary immune response) and Type 2 Hypersensitivity
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA and subclasses IgA1, IgA2)
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
-
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
- Long stem (Fc) monomeric Antibody with Molecular weight 180,000 dalton
- Fc region is bound to Eosinophils, Basophils and Mast Cells
- Serum half-life of 2.5 days
- Reacts to allergans (Type 1 Hypersensitivity) and Parasitic Infections
- Immunoglobulin D (IgD)
- Monomer with Molecular weight 160,000 dalton
- Serum half life of 3 days
- Membrane bound surface Antibody on B Lymphocytes
VI. References
- Bakerman (1984) ABCs of Interpretive Lab Data, p. 392
- Mahmoudi (2014) Immunology Made Ridiculously Simple, MedMaster, Miami, FL
- Guyton and Hall (2006) Medical Physiology, p. 419-50
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Related Studies
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (a substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response). Each antibody can bind to only one specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. |
| Definition (NCI) | A type of protein made by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody only binds to a specific antigen, helping to destroy the antigen directly or by assisting white blood cells to destroy the antigen. |
| Definition (CSP) | infection-fighting protein molecule in blood or secretory fluids that tags, neutralizes, and helps destroy pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses and toxins; they are generally known as immunoglobulins, and are made and secreted by B-lymphocytes in response to stimulation by antigens; each specific antibody binds only to the specific antigen that stimulated its production. |
| Definition (MSH) | Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS). |
| Concepts | Immunologic Factor (T129) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) |
| MSH | D000906 |
| SnomedCT | 68498002 |
| LNC | LP39213-1, LP17809-2, LP20667-9, LP17807-6, LP38951-7, LP40096-7, MTHU003502, MTHU001898, MTHU003494 |
| English | Antibodies, Antibodies [Chemical/Ingredient], antibody, antibodies, Unidentified Ab, Little NOS Ab, NOS Ab, Unidentified Antibody, not otherwise specified Antibody, Little not otherwise specified Antibody, Antibody, Antibody (substance), Antibody, NOS, Ab |
| Swedish | Antikroppar |
| Czech | protilátky |
| Finnish | Vasta-aineet |
| Russian | ANTITELA, АНТИТЕЛА |
| Croatian | ANTITIJELA |
| Latvian | Not Translated[Antibodies] |
| Polish | Przeciwciała |
| Norwegian | Not Translated[Antibodies] |
| Spanish | anticuerpo (sustancia), anticuerpo, Anticuerpos |
| French | Anticorps |
| German | Antikörper |
| Italian | Anticorpi |
| Portuguese | Anticorpos |
Ontology: Humoral Immunity (C0020967)
| Definition (MSH) | Antibody-mediated immune response. Humoral immunity is brought about by ANTIBODY FORMATION, resulting from TH2 CELLS activating B-LYMPHOCYTES, followed by COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. |
| Definition (NCI) | Immune processes mediated by antibodies |
| Definition (CSP) | immunity mediated by antibodies. |
| Concepts | Organism Function (T040) |
| MSH | D056724 |
| English | Immunity, Humoral, humoral immunity, Humoral Immune Response, Humoral Immunity |
| French | Immunité humorale |
| German | Humorale Immunität, Immunität, humorale |
| Italian | Immunità umorale |
| Portuguese | Imunidade Humoral |
| Spanish | Inmunidad Humoral |
| Russian | ИММУНИТЕТ ГУМОРАЛЬНЫЙ, IMMUNITET GUMORAL'NYI |
| Czech | imunita humorální, imunita protilátková |
| Swedish | Immunitet, humoral |
| Polish | Odporność humoralna |
| Croatian | IMUNOST, HUMORALNA |
| Norwegian | Humoral immunitet |
Ontology: Immunoglobulin Constant Regions (C0021008)
| Definition (NCI) | The portion of an antibody that is invariant within a class of immunoglobulins. It is comprised of the carboxyl terminal half of both light chains and at least three quarters of each heavy chain starting from the carboxyl terminus and excludes the variable regions of the heavy and light chains. |
| Definition (MSH) | The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within any class or subclass of immunoglobulin. They confer biological as well as structural functions to immunoglobulins. One each on both the light chains and the heavy chains comprises the C-terminus half of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FAB FRAGMENT and two or three of them make up the rest of the heavy chains (all of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT) |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Immunologic Factor (T129) |
| MSH | D007127 |
| SnomedCT | 78263004, 78026000 |
| English | Constant Region, Ig, Constant Region, Immunoglobulin, Antibody constant region, Antibody C region, IG CONSTANT REGION, IG CONSTANT REGIONS, Immunoglobulin Constant Regions [Chemical/Ingredient], Antibody constant region (substance), Immunoglobulin, constant region, Immunoglobulin, constant region (substance), Immunoglobulin Constant Region, Constant Regions, Immunoglobulin, Immunoglobulin Constant Regions |
| Russian | ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНА КОНСТАНТНЫЕ УЧАСТКИ, IMMUNOGLOBULINA KONSTANTNYE UCHASTKI, IMMUNOGLOBULINA KONSTANTNYI UCHASTOK, KONSTANTNYI UCHASTOK IG, IMMUNOGLOBULINA C-UCHASTOK, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНА C-УЧАСТОК, КОНСТАНТНЫЙ УЧАСТОК IG, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНА КОНСТАНТНЫЙ УЧАСТОК |
| Swedish | Konstant del av immunglobulin |
| Czech | imunoglobuliny - konstantní oblasti, imunoglobuliny - konstantní oblast |
| Finnish | Immunoglobuliinin pysyvät alueet |
| Italian | Regione costante di ig, Regione costante delle immunoglobuline, Regioni costanti delle immunoglobuline |
| French | Régions constantes d'Ig, Régions constantes d'immunoglobulines, Régions constantes des Ig, Régions constantes des immunoglobulines |
| Polish | Region stały immunoglobulin |
| Japanese | 定常領域-免疫グロブリン, 免疫グロブリン不変領域, 免疫グロブリンC領域, 免疫グロブリン定常領域 |
| Spanish | región constante de un anticuerpo (sustancia), región constante de un anticuerpo, región C de un anticuerpo, inmunoglobulina, región constante (sustancia), inmunoglobulina, región constante, Región Constante de Inmunoglobulina, Regiones Constantes de Inmunoglobulina |
| German | Immunglobulin, konstante Region |
| Portuguese | Região Constante de Imunoglobulina, Regiões Constantes de Imunoglobulina |
Ontology: Fab Immunoglobulins (C0021031)
| Definition (NCI) | Part of an immunoglobulin antibody that binds a specific antigen and consists of both a light chain and part of a heavy chain. By comparison, natural antibodies consist of two heavy and two light chains. An FAB (fragment antibody) offers the advantages of smaller size and lower cross-reactivity compared to the complete antibody. (NCI04) |
| Definition (MSH) | Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Immunologic Factor (T129) |
| MSH | D007140 |
| SnomedCT | 112136000 |
| English | Fab Fragments, Fab fragment, IG FAB FRAGMENT, IG FAB FRAGMENTS, IG FAB, Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments [Chemical/Ingredient], Immunoglobulin, F(ab) fragment, Immunoglobulin, F(ab) fragment (substance), Fab, Immunoglobulin, F(ab) Fragment, Antigen Binding Fragment, Fab Fragment, Fab Immunoglobulins, Immunoglobulins, Fab, Fab Fragment Immunoglobulins, Fab Fragment, Immunoglobulin, Fab Fragments, Immunoglobulin, Fab Immunoglobulin Fragments, Fragment Immunoglobulins, Fab, Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments, Immunoglobulin Fab Fragment, Immunoglobulin Fragments, Fab, Immunoglobulins, Fab Fragment |
| Swedish | Immunglobulinfragment, Fab |
| Czech | imunoglobuliny Fab, Fab fragmenty, imunoglobuliny - Fab fragmenty |
| Finnish | Fab-osat |
| Russian | IMMUNOGLOBULINY, FAB, IMMUNOGLOBULINOV FAB FRAGMENTY, FAB-FRAGMENTY, FAB-ФРАГМЕНТЫ, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНЫ, FAB, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНОВ FAB ФРАГМЕНТЫ |
| Italian | Frammenti Fab, Immunoglobuline Fab |
| French | Fragments Fab d'immunoglobuline, Fragment Fab des immunoglobulines, Fragments Fab d'Ig, Fragments Fab des Ig, Fragments Fab |
| Polish | Fragmenty Fab immunoglobulin |
| Japanese | 免疫グロブリン-Fab, Fabフラグメント, 免疫グロブリンFabフラグメント, Fabフラグメント-免疫グロブリン, Fab免疫グロブリン |
| Spanish | Fragmento Fab de las Inmunoglobulinas, inmunoglobulina, fragmento F (ab) (sustancia), inmunoglobulina, fragmento F (ab), Fragmentos Fab, Fragmento Fab de Inmunoglobulinas, Fragmentos Fab de Inmunoglobulinas |
| German | Fab-Fragmente, Fab-Immunglobuline, Immunglobuline, Fab- |
| Portuguese | Fragmentos Fab, Fragmento Fab de Imunoglobulinas, Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas |
Ontology: Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments (C0021032)
| Definition (NCI) | A protein product that results from the digestion of antibodies with papain and is comprised of the second and third constant regions of the antibody heavy chain. |
| Definition (MSH) | Crystallizable fragments composed of the carboxy-terminal halves of both IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fc fragments contain the carboxy-terminal parts of the heavy chain constant regions that are responsible for the effector functions of an immunoglobulin (COMPLEMENT fixation, binding to the cell membrane via FC RECEPTORS, and placental transport). This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Immunologic Factor (T129) |
| MSH | D007141 |
| SnomedCT | 69311000 |
| LNC | LP16702-0 |
| English | Fc Fragments, Fc Immunoglobulins, IG FC FRAGMENT, IG FC, IG FC FRAGMENTS, FC IG, Fragment Crystallizable Region, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments [Chemical/Ingredient], Fc fragment, Immunoglobulin, Fc fragment, Immunoglobulin, Fc fragment (substance), Fc Fragment, Immunoglobulin Fc, Immunoglobulins, Fc, Fc Fragment Immunoglobulins, Fc Fragment, Immunoglobulin, Fc Fragments, Immunoglobulin, Fragment Immunoglobulins, Fc, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragment, Immunoglobulins, Fc Fragment, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments |
| Swedish | Immunglobulinfragment, Fc |
| Czech | imunoglobuliny - Fc fragmenty, Fc fragmenty, imunoglobuliny Fc |
| Finnish | Fc-osat |
| Russian | IMMUNOGLOBULINOV FC FRAGMENTY, IMMUNOGLOBULINY, FC, FC-FRAGMENTY, FC-ФРАГМЕНТЫ, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНЫ, FC, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНОВ FC ФРАГМЕНТЫ |
| French | Fragments Fc d'Ig, Fragments Fc des Ig, Fragments Fc des immunoglobulines, Fragments Fc |
| Polish | Łańcuch ciężki fragment fc, Fragmenty Fc immunoglobulin, Fragmenty immunoglobulin fc |
| Japanese | 免疫グロブリン-Fc, 免疫グロブリンFcフラグメント, Fcフラグメント, Fc免疫グロブリン, 結晶性免疫グロブリン |
| Spanish | inmunoglobulina, fragmento Fc (sustancia), inmunoglobulina, fragmento Fc, Fragmentos Fc, Inmunoglobulinas Fc, Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas |
| German | Fc-Fragmente, Fc-Immunglobuline, Immunglobuline, Fc- |
| Italian | Immunoglobuline Fc |
| Portuguese | Fragmentos Fc, Imunoglobulinas Fc, Fragmentos Fc das Imunoglobulinas |
Ontology: Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains (C0021034)
| Definition (NCI) | A protein complex that consists of two heavy chains (gamma, alpha, delta, epsilon or mu). The larger of the two immunoglobulin chain types determines the immunoglobulin class (G, A, D, E or M, respectively). The heavy chain molecules exhibit the same structure and composition, which consists of constant, variable, and hypervariable regions. |
| Definition (MSH) | The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kDa. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Immunologic Factor (T129) |
| MSH | D007143 |
| SnomedCT | 264310000 |
| LNC | LP34728-3 |
| English | Heavy Chain Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain, Immunoglobulin, Heavy-Chain Immunoglobulins, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain, Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain, HEAVY CHAIN IG, IG HEAVY CHAIN, Immunoglobin heavy chain, Immunoglobulin heavy chain (substance), Immunoglobin heavy chain (substance), Immunoglobulin heavy chain, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains [Chemical/Ingredient], Immunoglobulins, Heavy-Chain, Heavy Chains, Ig, Ig Heavy Chains, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains, Heavy Chains, Immunoglobulin |
| Spanish | Cadenas Pesadas de Inmunoglobulina, cadena pesada de inmunoglobulina, cadena pesada de inmunoglobulina (sustancia), inmunoglobulina de cadenas pesadas, inmunoglobulina de cadenas pesadas (sustancia), Cadena Pesada de Inmunoglobulinas |
| Swedish | Immunglobulin, tung kedja |
| Czech | těžké řetězce imunoglobulinů, imunoglobuliny - těžké řetězce |
| Finnish | Raskasketjuimmunoglobuliinit |
| Russian | IMMUNOGLOBULINY, TIAZHELAIA TSEP', IMMUNOGLOBULINOV TIAZHELYE TSEPI, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНЫ, ТЯЖЕЛАЯ ЦЕПЬ, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНОВ ТЯЖЕЛЫЕ ЦЕПИ |
| Italian | Immunoglobulina a catena pesante, Immunoglobuline a catene pesanti |
| Croatian | IMUNOGLOBULINI, TEŠKI LANCI |
| Polish | Łańcuchy ciężkie immunoglobulin |
| Japanese | Immunoglobulin重鎖, 免疫グロブリンH鎖, H鎖免疫グロブリン, Immunoglobulin H鎖, H鎖イムノグロブリン, 免疫グロブリン重鎖, 重鎖免疫グロブリン, H鎖グロブリン, 免疫グロブリン-H鎖, 免疫グロブリン-重鎖 |
| French | Chaînes lourdes des immunoglobulines, Chaines lourdes d'immunoglobuline, Chaines lourdes des Ig, Chaines H des immunoglobulines, Chaines lourdes d'Ig, Chaines lourdes des immunoglobulines |
| German | Immunglobuline, Schwerketten- |
| Portuguese | Cadeia Pesada de Imunoglobulinas, Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas |
Ontology: Immunoglobulin J-Chains (C0021035)
| Definition (NCI) | Immunoglobulin J chain (159 aa, ~18 kDa) is encoded by the human IGJ gene. This protein plays a role in the joining of antibody structures. |
| Definition (MSH) | A 15 kD "joining" peptide that forms one of the linkages between monomers of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M in the formation of polymeric immunoglobulins. There is one J chain per one IgA dimer or one IgM pentamer. It is also involved in binding the polymeric immunoglobulins to POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR which is necessary for their transcytosis to the lumen. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN JOINING REGION which is part of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Immunologic Factor (T129) |
| MSH | D007144 |
| SnomedCT | 48111008 |
| Swedish | Immunglobulin, J-kedja |
| English | IG J CHAINS, Immunoglobulin J-Chains [Chemical/Ingredient], IgJ Chain, Immunoglobulin J Chain, J Chain, Immunoglobulin, J piece, Immunoglobulin, J piece (substance), Ig J Peptide, Ig J-Peptide, Immunoglobulin J Chains, Immunoglobulin J Peptide, Immunoglobulin J Polypeptide, Immunoglobulin J-Chains, Immunoglobulin J-Peptide, J Chains, Immunoglobulin, J Polypeptide, Immunoglobulin, J-Chains, Immunoglobulin, J-Peptide, Ig, J-Peptide, Immunoglobulin, Polypeptide, Immunoglobulin J |
| Czech | imunoglobuliny - J-řetězce, J-řetězce imunoglobulinů |
| Finnish | J-ketjuimmunoglobuliinit |
| Russian | IMMUNOGLOBULINOV J-TSEPI, IMMUNOGLOBULINY, J-TSEP', J-TSEPI, J-ЦЕПИ, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНЫ, J-ЦЕПЬ, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНОВ J-ЦЕПИ |
| Polish | Łańcuch J immunoglobulin |
| Japanese | J鎖免疫グロブリン, J鎖, 免疫グロブリンJ鎖, J鎖イムノグロブリン, 免疫グロブリン-J鎖 |
| French | Chaines de jonction des immunoglobulines, Chaînes J des immunoglobulines, Chaines de jonction des Ig, Chaines J d'immunoglobulines, Chaines J des immunoglobulines, Peptide J, Pièce intermédiaire J |
| Spanish | inmunoglobulina, porción J (sustancia), inmunoglobulina, porción J, Cadenas J de Inmunoglobulina, Cadenas J de las Inmunoglobulinas |
| German | Immunglobuline, J-Ketten-, J-Ketten |
| Italian | Immunoglobuline a catena J |
| Portuguese | Cadeias J de Imunoglobulina |
Ontology: Immunoglobulin Light Chains (C0021038)
| Definition (NCI) | A protein complex that consists of two light chains (kappa and lambda). The light chain molecules are of the same structure and composition, consisting of constant, variable, and hypervariable regions. |
| Definition (MSH) | Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. Two Ig light chains and two Ig heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) make one immunoglobulin molecule. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Immunologic Factor (T129) |
| MSH | D007147 |
| SnomedCT | 87316007 |
| LNC | LP15155-2, MTHU002541 |
| English | Immunoglobulin Light Chain, Immunoglobulin Light-Chain, Immunoglobulins, Light Chain, Light Chain Immunoglobulins, Light Chain, Immunoglobulin, Light-Chain Immunoglobulins, Light-Chain, Immunoglobulin, IG LIGHT CHAINS, LIGHT CHAIN IG, IG LIGHT CHAIN, Immunoglobulin Light Chains [Chemical/Ingredient], Ig Light Chain, Immunoglobulin, light chain, Immunoglobulin light chains, Immunoglobulin, light chain (substance), Immunoglobulin, light chain, NOS, Immunoglobulins, Light-Chain, Chains, Immunoglobulin Light, Immunoglobulin Light Chains, Light Chains, Immunoglobulin |
| Swedish | Immunglobulin, lätt kedja |
| Czech | lehké řetězce imunoglobulinů, imunoglobuliny - lehké řetězce |
| Finnish | Kevytketjuimmunoglobuliinit |
| Russian | IMMUNOGLOBULINY, LEGKAIA-TSEP', IMMUNOGLOBULINOV LEGKIE TSEPI, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНЫ, ЛЕГКАЯ-ЦЕПЬ, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНОВ ЛЕГКИЕ ЦЕПИ |
| Italian | Immunoglobulina a catena leggera, Immunoglobuline a catene leggere |
| Polish | Łańcuchy lekkie immunoglobulin |
| Japanese | Immunoglobulin軽鎖, 免疫グロブリンL鎖, 免疫グロブリン軽鎖, L鎖イムノグロブリン, Immunoglobulin L鎖, L鎖免疫グロブリン, 軽鎖免疫グロブリン, 免疫グロブリン-L鎖, 免疫グロブリン-軽鎖 |
| French | Chaines légères des immunoglobulines, Chaines légères d'Ig, Chaînes légères des immunoglobulines, Chaines légères d'immunoglobuline, Chaines L des imunoglobulines, Chaines légères des Ig |
| Spanish | inmunoglobulina, cadena liviana (sustancia), inmunoglobulina, cadena liviana, Cadena Ligera de Inmunoglobulinas, Cadenas Ligeras de Inmunoglobulina |
| German | Immunglobuline, Leichtketten- |
| Portuguese | Cadeia Leve de Imunoglobulinas, Cadeias Leves de Imunoglobulina |
Ontology: Ligands (C0023688)
| Definition (NCI) | An ion, molecule or molecular group that binds to a substance to form a larger complex.(Dr. Joseph A. Thie) |
| Definition (MSH) | A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed) |
| Definition (CSP) | molecule that binds to another molecule, especially a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule. |
| Concepts | Chemical (T103) |
| MSH | D008024 |
| French | Ligands |
| Swedish | Ligander |
| Czech | ligandy |
| Finnish | Ligandit |
| Russian | LIGANDY, ЛИГАНДЫ |
| Croatian | LIGANDI |
| English | ligand, ligands, Ligand, Ligands |
| Polish | Ligandy, Addenty |
| Spanish | Ligantes, Ligandos |
| German | Liganden |
| Italian | Ligandi |
| Portuguese | Ligantes |
Ontology: Immunoglobulin Variable Region (C0877857)
| Definition (NCI) | The portion of an antibody molecule that contains the three hypervariable regions in both the heavy and light chains. It is comprised of the amino terminal half of the light chains and at most a third of the heavy chains from the amino termini. |
| Definition (MSH) | That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Immunologic Factor (T129) |
| MSH | D007135 |
| SnomedCT | 13718001, 83454007 |
| English | Immunoglobulin V, Immunoglobulin Variable Region, Variable Region, Ig, Variable Region, Immunoglobulin, Antibody variable region, Immunoglobulin Variable Region [Chemical/Ingredient], Antibody variable region (substance), Ig Variable Regions, Immunoglobulin Variable Regions, Regions, Immunoglobulin Variable, Variable Regions, Ig, Variable Regions, Immunoglobulin, Immunoglobulin, variable region, Immunoglobulin, variable region (substance), Ig Variable Region |
| Swedish | Variabel del av immunglobulin |
| Czech | imunoglobuliny - variabilní region |
| Finnish | Immunoglobuliinin muuttuva alue |
| French | Région variable d'Ig, Région variable d'immunoglobuline, Région variable de l'immunoglobuline, Immunoglobuline V |
| Russian | VARIABEL'NYI UCHASTOK IG, IMMUNOGLOBULINA VARIABEL'NYI UCHASTOK, IMMUNOGLOBULINA V-UCHASTOK, ВАРИАБЕЛЬНЫЙ УЧАСТОК IG, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНА V-УЧАСТОК, ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНА ВАРИАБЕЛЬНЫЙ УЧАСТОК |
| Japanese | 免疫グロブリン可変領域, Immunoglobulin可変領域, Ig可変部, 可変領域-免疫グロブリン |
| Italian | Immunoglobulina V, Regione variabile delle Ig, Regione variabile delle immunoglobuline |
| Polish | Region zmienny immunoglobulin |
| Croatian | Not Translated[Immunoglobulin Variable Region] |
| Spanish | región variable de un anticuerpo, región variable de un anticuerpo (sustancia), inmunoglobulina, región variable (sustancia), inmunoglobulina, región variable, Región Variable de Ig, Región Variable de Inmunoglobulina |
| Norwegian | Not Translated[Immunoglobulin Variable Region] |
| German | Immunglobulin, Variable Region, Variable Region, Ig-, Variable Region, Immunglobulin- |
| Dutch | Immunoglobuline, variabele regio, Variabele regio, Ig, Variabele regio, immunoglobuline |
| Portuguese | Região Variável de Ig, Região Variável de Imunoglobulina |
