II. Definitions
- Fragment Antigen Binding (Fab)
- Antibody region that recognizes and binds antigens
- Fragment Crystallizable (Fc)
- Antibody region that interacts with immune system components
- Endogenous Fc triggers Natural Killer Cells and complement cascade
- Synthetic monoclonal antibodies may bind Fc to toxins or radioisotopes in Chemotherapy
- Ligand
- Molecule that binds to a specific receptor
- Monoclonal Antibody
- Identical antibodies that are synthesized by a single immune cell type
- Synthesized in labs to be targeted at disease-specific molecules
III. Physiology: Immunoglobulin
- Structure: Immunoglobulin is composed of a 4 chain monomeric structure
- Two heavy chains (identical)
- Five heavy chain classes: M, D, E, A, and G1-4
- Two light chains (identical)
- Two light chain classes: kappa and lambda
- Two heavy chains (identical)
IV. Types: Immunoglobulins
V. References
- Bakerman (1984) ABCs of Interpretive Lab Data, p. 392
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| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (a substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response). Each antibody can bind to only one specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. |
| Definition (NCI) | A type of protein made by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody only binds to a specific antigen, helping to destroy the antigen directly or by assisting white blood cells to destroy the antigen. |
| Definition (CSP) | infection-fighting protein molecule in blood or secretory fluids that tags, neutralizes, and helps destroy pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses and toxins; they are generally known as immunoglobulins, and are made and secreted by B-lymphocytes in response to stimulation by antigens; each specific antibody binds only to the specific antigen that stimulated its production. |
| Definition (MSH) | Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS). |
| Concepts | Immunologic Factor (T129) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) |
| MSH | D000906 |
| SnomedCT | 68498002 |
| LNC | LP39213-1, LP17809-2, LP20667-9, LP17807-6, LP38951-7, LP40096-7, MTHU003502, MTHU001898, MTHU003494 |
| English | Antibodies, Antibodies [Chemical/Ingredient], antibody, antibodies, Unidentified Ab, Little NOS Ab, NOS Ab, Unidentified Antibody, not otherwise specified Antibody, Little not otherwise specified Antibody, Antibody, Antibody (substance), Antibody, NOS, Ab |
| Swedish | Antikroppar |
| Czech | protilátky |
| Finnish | Vasta-aineet |
| Russian | ANTITELA, АНТИТЕЛА |
| Croatian | ANTITIJELA |
| Latvian | Not Translated[Antibodies] |
| Polish | Przeciwciała |
| Norwegian | Not Translated[Antibodies] |
| Spanish | anticuerpo (sustancia), anticuerpo, Anticuerpos |
| French | Anticorps |
| German | Antikörper |
| Italian | Anticorpi |
| Portuguese | Anticorpos |
Ontology: Monoclonal Antibodies (C0003250)
| Definition (MSH) | Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells. |
| Definition (NCI) | An antibody produced by a clone or genetically homogenous fast-growing cells i.e., hybridoma. Hybridoma cells are cloned to establish cell lines producing a specific antibody that is chemically and immunologically homogeneous. They are widely used in cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A type of protein made in the laboratory that can bind to substances in the body, including tumor cells. There are many kinds of monoclonal antibodies. Each monoclonal antibody is made to find one substance. Monoclonal antibodies are being used to treat some types of cancer and are being studied in the treatment of other types. They can be used alone or to carry drugs, toxins, or radioactive materials directly to a tumor. |
| Definition (CSP) | homogeneous antibody that is produced by a clone of antibody forming cells and that binds with a single antigenic determinant. |
| Concepts | Immunologic Factor (T129) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) |
| MSH | D000911 |
| SnomedCT | 312312006, 49616005 |
| English | Antibodies, Monoclonal, MoAB, Antibodies, Monoclonal [Chemical/Ingredient], Monoclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibody, Monoclonal antibody, Monoclonal antibody (substance), monoclonal antibodies, MAb, Monoclonal Antibody, Monoclonal Antibodies |
| Swedish | Monoklonala antikroppar |
| Finnish | Monoklonaaliset vasta-aineet |
| Russian | ANTITELA MONOKLONAL'NYE, MONOKLONAL'NYE ANTITELA, АНТИТЕЛА МОНОКЛОНАЛЬНЫЕ, МОНОКЛОНАЛЬНЫЕ АНТИТЕЛА |
| French | Anticorps monoclonal, Anticorps monoclonaux |
| Croatian | MONOKLONSKA PROTUTIJELA, PROTUTIJELA, MONOKLONSKA, ANTITIJELA, MONOKLONSKA |
| Czech | monoklonální protilátky, protilátky monoklonální |
| Polish | Przeciwciała monoklonalne |
| Japanese | モノクローナル抗体, 抗体-モノクローナル, 単クローン性抗体, モノクロナール抗体, 単クローン抗体 |
| Spanish | anticuerpo monoclonal (sustancia), anticuerpo monoclonal, Anticuerpos Monoclonales |
| German | Antikörper, monoklonale, Monoklonale Antikörper |
| Italian | Anticorpi monoclonali |
| Portuguese | Anticorpos Monoclonais |
Ontology: Ligands (C0023688)
| Definition (NCI) | An ion, molecule or molecular group that binds to a substance to form a larger complex.(Dr. Joseph A. Thie) |
| Definition (MSH) | A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed) |
| Definition (CSP) | molecule that binds to another molecule, especially a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule. |
| Concepts | Chemical (T103) |
| MSH | D008024 |
| French | Ligands |
| Swedish | Ligander |
| Czech | ligandy |
| Finnish | Ligandit |
| Russian | LIGANDY, ЛИГАНДЫ |
| Croatian | LIGANDI |
| English | ligand, ligands, Ligand, Ligands |
| Polish | Ligandy, Addenty |
| Spanish | Ligantes, Ligandos |
| German | Liganden |
| Italian | Ligandi |
| Portuguese | Ligantes |
