II. Definitions

  1. Neutralization Test
    1. Antibody or Antigen activity tested through sequential dilution until activity ceases
    2. Activity test examples include Infectivity in tissue culture, Hemolysis or Agglutination

III. Types

  1. Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT)
    1. Patient serum sample at sequential dilutions added to known virus sample and then incubated
    2. Solution of serum and virus are poured over a single layer of host cells and covered with agar
    3. Concentration of infected cell regions (Plaques) are then measured over several days
  2. Complement Fixation Test
    1. Patient serum sample at sequential dilutions added to known virus sample
      1. Antigen-Antibody complexes form if Antibody to the specific virus is present
    2. Test solution contains complement and RBCs (e.g. sheep RBCs) coated with hemolysin
    3. Serum-virus solution is added to the complement-RBC test solution
      1. Hemolysis occurs if Antigen-Antibody complexes were present to activate complement
      2. Hemolysis will not occur if the specific AntiviralAntibody is absent from the patient's serum
  3. Antistreptolysin O Titer (ASO Titer)
    1. ASO Titer is now performed as an Agglutination Test, but was previously a Neutralization Test
    2. Streptococcus produces streptolysin O which causes Hemolysis
    3. Test starts by combining streptolysin O with sequential dilutions of patient serum
    4. Human RBCs are added to streptolysin O and serum mix
    5. Antistreptolysin Antibody will neutralize the streptolysin and prevent Hemolysis
    6. Maximal serum dilution that still prevents Hemolysis will result in an ASO Titer

IV. Resources

  1. Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (Wikipedia)
    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaque_reduction_neutralization_test

V. References

  1. Goldberg (2014) Clinical Physiology, Medmaster, Miami, p. 83-5

Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)

Related Studies

Ontology: Complement Fixation Tests (C0009541)

Definition (MSH) Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.
Definition (CSP) serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1); binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2); failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1; if red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.
Concepts Laboratory Procedure (T059)
MSH D003168
SnomedCT 69207009
English Fixation Test, Complement, Fixation Tests, Complement, Test, Complement Fixation, Tests, Complement Fixation, Complement Fixation Test, complement fixation test, complement fixation tests, Complement fixation test, Complement fixation test (procedure), Complement fixation test, NOS, Complement Fixation Tests
Swedish Komplementfixeringstest
Czech komplement - fixační testy
Finnish Komplementinsitoutumiskokeet
French Tests de fixation du complément, Réactions de fixation du complément, RFC (Réaction de Fixation du Complément)
Russian KOMPLEMENTA SVIAZYVANIIA TESTY, KONGLIUTINATSII REAKTSIIA, KONGLIUTINIRUIUSHCHII KOMPLEMENT, ABSORBTSIONNYI TEST, КОМПЛЕМЕНТА СВЯЗЫВАНИЯ ТЕСТЫ, КОНГЛЮТИНАЦИИ РЕАКЦИЯ, КОНГЛЮТИНИРУЮЩИЙ КОМПЛЕМЕНТ, АБСОРБЦИОННЫЙ ТЕСТ
Japanese 補体吸収テスト-膠着, 膠着補体吸収テスト, 補体結合反応, 膠着反応, 補体結合試験
Croatian KOMPLEMENT, VEZANJE, TESTOVI
Polish Test wiązania dopełniacza konglutynacyjny, Testy wiązania dopełniacza, Odczyn koaglutynacyjny, CFT, Próby wiązania dopełniacza, Reakcja konglutynacji
Norwegian Komplementfiksasjonsprøver, Komplementbindingsprøver
Spanish Tests de Fijación de Complemento, prueba de fijación del complemento (procedimiento), prueba de fijación del complemento, Pruebas de Fijación del Complemento
German Komplementbindungsreaktionen
Italian Prove di fissazione del complemento
Dutch Complementbindingstest
Portuguese Testes de Fixação de Complemento

Ontology: Neutralization Tests (C0027944)

Definition (MSH) The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
Definition (CSP) titration of an antiserum by testing a series of dilutions of virus or immune serum to a given end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
Concepts Laboratory Procedure (T059)
MSH D009500
LNC LP6416-4
English Neutralization Test, Test, Neutralization, Tests, Neutralization, antibody neutralization test, neutralization test, Neut, Neutralization Tests
Swedish Neutralisationstester
Czech neutralizační testy
Finnish Neutralisaatiokokeet
French Tests de neutralisation, Réactions de neutralisation
Russian NEITRALIZATSII TESTY, НЕЙТРАЛИЗАЦИИ ТЕСТЫ
Croatian NEUTRALIZACIJSKI TESTOVI
Polish Próby neutralizacji, Testy neutralizacji
Norwegian Nøytraliseringstester
Spanish Tests de Neutralización, Pruebas de Neutralización
German Neutralisationstests
Italian Prove di neutralizzazione
Dutch Neutralisatie-onderzoek, Onderzoek, neutralisatie-
Portuguese Testes de Neutralização