II. Indications

  1. Neuroblastoma
  2. Melanoma (experimental)

III. Mechanism

  1. Ganglioside GD2
    1. GD2 is the cell surface receptor Glycolipid disialoganglioside
      1. GD2 functions as a part of development and differentiation pathways
    2. GD2 is expressed on all tumors of neuroectodermal origin
      1. Includes Melanoma, Neuroblastoma, Sarcoma, astrocytoma, Small Cell Lung Cancer
  2. GD2 Monoclonal Antibody (e.g. Dinutuximab)
    1. Chimeric mouse-human Monoclonal Antibody that binds cells expressing GD2 on their surface
    2. Antibody binding induces cytotoxicity (complement and Cell-mediated)

IV. Dosing

  1. See other references for disease specific dosing protocols

V. Adverse Effects

  1. Infusion Reaction
  2. Neurologic
    1. Severe neuropathic pain
    2. Transverse Myelitis
    3. Vision changes
  3. Electrolyte abnormalities
    1. Hyponatremia
    2. Hypokalemia
    3. Hypocalcemia
  4. Cytopenia
    1. Lymphopenia
    2. Thrombocytopenia
    3. Neutropenia
  5. Cardiovascular
    1. Hypotension
    2. Capillary leak syndrome
  6. Other common adverse effects
    1. Elevated Liver Function Tests
    2. Urticaria
    3. Fever

VI. Safety

  1. Avoid in Lactation
  2. Avoid in pregnancy (all trimesters, Pregnancy category X)
    1. Use reliable Contraception
  3. Monitoring
    1. Complete Blood Count with differential and Platelet Count
    2. Serum Electrolytes (including Sodium, Potassium, Calcium)
    3. Liver Function Tests

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Related Studies

Ontology: ganglioside, GD2 (C0061104)

Definition (NCI) A cell surface antigen expressed on all tumors of neuroectodermal origin, including melanoma, neuroblastomas, sarcoma, astrocytomas, and small cell lung cancer. GD2, an O-acetylated disialoganglioside, belongs to the group of glycosphingolipids that are widely expressed in many tissues and organs in vertebrates and have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of development and differentiation as recognition molecules or signal modulators. Due to its high level of expression in neuroblastoma, GD2 has the potential to be used as a component of anti-neuroblastoma vaccines, in addition to being used in polyvalent anti-melanoma vaccines.
Concepts Lipid (T119) , Biologically Active Substance (T123)
MSH C019403
SnomedCT 117713008
LNC LP99610-5
English Ganglioside GD2, ganglioside, GD2, GD2 ganglioside, GalNAc(beta 1->4)-[NeuAc(alpha 2->8)NeuAc(alpha 2->3)]Gal(beta 1->4)GlcCer, Disialylganglioside GD2, GD2-ganglioside (substance), GD2-ganglioside, ganglioside GD2
Spanish GD2 - gangliósido (sustancia), GD2 - gangliósido, disialilgangliósido GD2