II. Indications (Inclusion Criteria - all must be present)

  1. Chest Pain >15 minutes and less than 12 hours
  2. EKG demonstrates STEMI or new LBBB

III. Contraindications: Absolute (Exclusion Criteria - all must be absent)

  1. History of prior Intracranial Hemorrhage
  2. Structural CNS Disease
    1. Intracranial neoplasm
    2. AV Malformation
    3. Cerebral Aneurysm
  3. Ischemic Cerebrovascular Accident in last 3 months (but may be indicated if CVA in last 4.5 hours)
  4. Suspected Aortic Dissection (e.g. Systolic Blood Pressure difference between arms >15 mmHg)
  5. Significant Closed Head Injury or facial Trauma in last 3 months
  6. Intracranial or intraspinal surgery in last 2 months
  7. Active bleeding or Bleeding Diathesis (except Menstrual Bleeding)
  8. Severe, Uncontrolled Hypertension, refractory to emergency management

IV. Contraindications: Relative based on bleeding risk

  1. Chronic, severe and poorly controlled Hypertension
  2. Signficant Hypertension on presentation (SBP >180 mmHg or DBP >110 mmHg)
  3. Major Trauma or surgery (includes Retinal laser surgery) in the last 3 weeks
  4. Internal bleeding (e.g. GI or GU Bleeding) in the last 2-4 weeks
  5. Bleeding or clotting disorder or on blood thinners (e.g. Warfarin and especially with higher INR)
  6. Traumatic or prolonged Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for >10 minutes
  7. Non-compressible vascular puncture
  8. Pregnant female
  9. Active Peptic Ulcer
  10. Dementia
  11. Serious underlying systemic disease
    1. Advanced or terminal cancer
    2. Severe liver disease
    3. Severe Kidney disease

V. Contraindications: Relative based on better benefit with PCI (Angioplasty)

  1. Pulmonary Edema
  2. Systolic Blood Pressure <100 mmHg and Heart Rate >100 bpm
  3. Associated shock-related findings (e.g. Cool and clammy skin)
  4. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation was needed

VI. Preparations: Thrombolytics

  1. Tenecteplase (TNK-tPA)
    1. Single weight-based dose, with high fibrin Specificity and 85% patency rate at 90 minutes
  2. Reteplase (rPA)
    1. Two 10 unit doses at 30 minute intervals with moderate fibrin Specificity, and 84% patency rate at 90 min
  3. Alteplase (tPA) - typical standard agent used in U.S. as of 2017
    1. Bolus and infusion over 90 minutes with moderate fibrin Specificity, and 73 to 84% patency rate at 90 min
  4. Streptokinase
    1. Older agent, replaced by Fibrin specific agents
    2. Highly Antigenic and Streptokinase cannot be repeated within 6 months of prior dose
    3. Not available in U.S., but still used in some parts of world, with patency rates 60 to 68% at 90 min

VIII. Dosing: Acute Myocardial Infarction, Alteplase (tPA) dosing

  1. Weight 67 kg or less
    1. Bolus: 15 mg IV
    2. Next: 0.75 mg/kg (max 50 mg) IV over 30 minutes
    3. Next: 0.5 mg/kg (max 35 mg) IV over 60 minutes
  2. Weight more than 67 kg
    1. Bolus: 15 mg IV
    2. Next: 50 mg IV over 30 minutes
    3. Next: 35 mg IV over 60 minutes

IX. Precautions: Early Thrombolysis saves lives

  1. Goal: Thrombolytics in Acute MI within 30 min
  2. Mortality related to delay in Thrombolytic use
    1. Meta-analysis: 50,246 patients in 22 trials 1983-1993
      1. Thrombolytic delayed 0-1 hours: 65/1000 lives saved
      2. Thrombolytic delayed 1-2 hours: 37/1000 lives saved
      3. Thrombolytic delayed 2-3 hours: 26/1000 lives saved
      4. Thrombolytic delayed 3-6 hours: 29/1000 lives saved
    2. Reference
      1. Boersma (1996) Lancet 348:771-5 [PubMed]

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Related Studies

Ontology: Thrombolysis of coronary artery by intravenous infusion (C0190256)

Concepts Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure (T061)
SnomedCT 32912007
CPT 92977
English Thrombolysis, coronary; by intravenous infusion, Thrombolysis of coronary artery by intravenous infusion, coronary thrombolysis intravenous infusion, coronary thrombolysis intravenous infusion (treatment), DISSOLVE CLOT HEART VESSEL, Dissolve clot heart vessel, THROMBOLYSIS CORONARY INTRAVENOUS INFUSION, Coronary thrombolysis by intravenous infusion, Thrombolysis of coronary artery by intravenous infusion (procedure)
Spanish trombólisis de arteria coronaria por infusión intravenosa (procedimiento), trombólisis de una arteria coronaria por infusión intravenosa (procedimiento), trombólisis de arteria coronaria por infusión intravenosa, trombólisis de una arteria coronaria por infusión intravenosa