II. Characteristics
- Forms in Bone Marrow from Lymphoblasts (which are in turn derived from stem cells)
- Function: Primary source of viral defense and Antibody
- Adaptive Immunity (learned response)
- B-Lymphocyte
- Humoral Immunity with Antibody against extracellular Antigens
- T-Lymphocyte
- Cellular Immunity via T-Helper/CD4+ Cells and T-Cytotoxic/CD8+ Cells
- B-Lymphocyte
- Innate Immunity
- Natural Killer Cells (NK cells)
- Lymphocytes providing immediate protection against Intracellular Bacteria, viruses, cancer cells
- Natural Killer Cells (NK cells)
- Adaptive Immunity (learned response)
- Morphology on Blood Smear
III. Labs: Normal
- Percentage Lymphocytes: 15-40% of White Blood Cells
- Total Lymphocytes: 800-2600/mm3
- Total T Lymphocytes: 800-2200/mm3
- T helper Cells: >400/mm3
- T suppressor Cells: 250-750/mm3
- Helper Cell to Suppressor Cell ratio: >0.9
- CD2 Percentage of Lymphocytes: 65-85%
- CD4 Percentage of Lymphocytes: 45-75%
IV. Causes: Increased (Lymphocytosis)
- Increased Absolute Lymphocyte Count (>4500/mm3)
- Non-activated Lymphocytes
- Influenza
- Pertussis
- Tuberculosis
- Mumps
- Varicella
- Herpes Simplex Virus
- Rubeola
- Brucellosis
- Fungal infection
- Rickettsial infection
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Activated Lymphocytes (Atypical lymphocytes)
- Cytomegalovirus Infection
- Infectious Mononucleosis
- Infectious Viral Hepatitis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Syphilis
- Post-transfusion
- Beta Streptococcus
- Medication
- Non-activated Lymphocytes
- Increased Relative Lymphocyte Count (>40% of total)
- Normal finding in children under age 2 years
- Acute stage of Viral Infection
- Connective Tissue Disease
- Hyperthyroidism
- Addison's Disease
- Splenomegaly
V. Causes: Decreased
- AIDS
- Bone Marrow suppression
- Aplastic Anemia
- Neoplasms
- Steroids
- Adrenocortical hyperfunction
- Neurologic Disorders
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Gullain Barre Syndrome
VI. Evaluation: Lymphocytosis (Lymphocytes >4500/mm3)
- See Leukocytosis
- History and potential causes
- Contagious contacts
- Immunization history
- Diagnostics (consider)
- Viral specific studies (e.g. Monospot)
- Chest XRay
VII. References
- Saiki in Friedman (1991) Medical Diagnosis, p. 227
- Abramson (2000) Am Fam Physician 62(9):2053-60 [PubMed]
- Riley (2015) Am Fam Physician 92(11):1004-11 [PubMed]
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| Definition (MSH) | White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS. |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow and is found in the blood and in lymph tissue. The two main types of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes make antibodies, and T lymphocytes help kill tumor cells and help control immune responses. A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell. |
| Definition (NCI) | White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells. |
| Definition (CSP) | white blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. |
| Concepts | Cell (T025) |
| MSH | D008214 |
| SnomedCT | 56972008 |
| HL7 | LYM |
| LNC | LP14540-6, LP30914-3, MTHU004645 |
| English | Lymphocytes, lymphocytes, lymph cell, lymphocyte, Lymphocyte (cell), Lymphocytic cell, Lymphocyte, NOS, Lymphocytic cell, NOS, Lymphocyte |
| Dutch | lymfocyten, Lymfocyt, Lymfocyten |
| French | Lymphocyte, Lymphocytes, Cellules lymphocytaires |
| Japanese | リンパ球, ﾘﾝﾊﾟｷｭｳ |
| Swedish | Lymfocyter |
| Czech | lymfocyty, Lymfocyty |
| Finnish | Imusolut |
| Russian | LIMFOIDNYE KLETKI, LIMFOTSITY, ЛИМФОИДНЫЕ КЛЕТКИ, ЛИМФОЦИТЫ |
| Croatian | LIMFOCITI |
| Latvian | Not Translated[Lymphocytes] |
| Polish | Limfocyty |
| Hungarian | Limfociták |
| Norwegian | Lymfocytter |
| Spanish | célula linfática, linfocito (célula), linfocito, Linfocitos |
| German | Lymphozyten |
| Italian | Linfociti |
| Portuguese | Linfócitos |
Ontology: Lymphocytosis (C0024282)
| Definition (MSH) | Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion. |
| Definition (CSP) | excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D008218 |
| SnomedCT | 267568006, 154832004, 67023009 |
| English | Lymphocytoses, LYMPHOCYTOSIS, lymphocytosis (diagnosis), lymphocytosis, Lymphocytosis [Disease/Finding], Lymphocytosis, Disorder characterized by lymphocytosis, Lymphocytosis (disorder), Lymphocytosis, NOS |
| French | LYMPHOCYTOSE, Lymphocytose, Hyperlymphocytose |
| Portuguese | LINFOCITOSE, Linfocitose |
| Spanish | LINFOCITOSIS, linfocitosis (trastorno), linfocitosis, Linfocitosis |
| German | LYMPHOZYTOSE, Lymphozytose |
| Japanese | リンパ球増加症, ﾘﾝﾊﾟｷｭｳｿﾞｳｶｼｮｳ |
| Swedish | Lymfocytos |
| Czech | lymfocytóza, Lymfocytóza |
| Finnish | Lymfosytoosi |
| Russian | LIMFOTSITOZ, ЛИМФОЦИТОЗ |
| Croatian | LIMFOCITOZA |
| Polish | Limfocytoza |
| Hungarian | lymphocytosis |
| Norwegian | Lymfocytose |
| Dutch | lymfocytose, Lymfocytose |
| Italian | Linfocitosi |
Ontology: Lymphocyte Count measurement (C0200635)
| Definition (NCI) | The determination of the number of lymphocytes in a blood sample. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | A measurement of the lymphocytes in a biological specimen. |
| Definition (MSH) | The number of LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. |
| Concepts | Laboratory Procedure (T059) |
| MSH | D018655 |
| SnomedCT | 446325007, 165535004, 142942007, 142948006, 74765001 |
| English | Lymphocyte Count, Lymphocyte Count, Total, Lymphocyte Counts, Lymphocyte Counts, Total, Total Lymphocyte Count, Total Lymphocyte Counts, Lymphocyte count NOS, Lymphocyte Count measurement, blood lymphocyte count, blood lymphocyte count (lab test), lymphocyte count, lymphocyte counts, total lymphocyte count, count lymphocytes, counts lymphocyte, lymphocyte number, count lymphocytes total, Total lymphocyte count (procedure), Total lymphocyte count, Lymphocyte count NOS (procedure), LYM, Lymphocytes, Lymphocyte Numbers, Lymphocyte Number, Lymphocyte count, Lymphocyte count (procedure) |
| Italian | Conta linfocitaria, Numero dei linfociti, Conta totale linfocitaria, Conta dei linfociti |
| Swedish | Lymfocytantal |
| Japanese | ﾘﾝﾊﾟｷｭｳｽｳ, リンパ球計数, リンパ球計算, リンパ球総数, リンパ球数 |
| Czech | lymfocyty - počet, Počet lymfocytů |
| Finnish | Imusolumäärä |
| French | Numération des lymphocytes, Numération lymphocytaire, Numération lymphocytaire totale, Taux de lymphocytes, Numération de lymphocytes |
| Russian | LIMFOTSITOV PODSCHET, OBSHCHEGO CHISLA LIMFOTSITOV PODSCHET, ЛИМФОЦИТОВ ПОДСЧЕТ, ОБЩЕГО ЧИСЛА ЛИМФОЦИТОВ ПОДСЧЕТ |
| Polish | Liczba limfocytów |
| Spanish | recuento total de linfocitos (procedimiento), recuento total de linfocitos, Lymphocyte count NOS, recuento de linfocitos, SAI (procedimiento), recuento de linfocitos, SAI, recuento de linfocitos (procedimiento), recuento de linfocitos, recuento linfocítico, Recuento de linfocitos, Recuento de Linfocitos, Recuento Total de Linfocitos |
| Hungarian | Limfocita szám |
| Norwegian | Lymfocyttantall, Lymfocyttelling, Absolutt antall lymfocytter, Lymfocytt-telling |
| Portuguese | Número de linfócitos, Contagem de Linfócitos, Contagem de Linfócitos Totais |
| Dutch | lymfocytentelling, Lymfocytentelling, Lymfocytentelling, totale, Telling-, lymfocyten- |
| German | Lymphozytenzahl, Lymphozytengesamtzahl, Lymphozytenzählung |
