II. Definitions
- Blood Product
- Native blood component acquired from a donor, that is processed for transfusion into a recipient
- Includes Packed Red Blood Cells (pRBC), Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP), Platelets and Cryoprecipitate
III. Epidemiology
-
Prevalence in U.S.
- More than 16 million units of Blood Product are transfused every year in the United States
IV. Types: Blood Product Modifications
- Background
- Modifications to Blood Products reduce complications, esp. in those patients at risk
- CMV Risk Reduction
- Indicated in pregnancy and severe Immunocompromised states
- Limits donors to CMV negative or supplies Leukocyte reduced blood
-
Hemoglobin-S Negative Blood Products
- Indicated in Sickle Cell Anemia patients
- Limits donors to non-sickling Hemoglobin
- Irradiation
- Indicated in severe Immunocompromised states
- Indicated in Hematologic Malignancy, Bone Marrow Transplant, inherited cellular immune deficiency
- NOT indicated in HIV, Sepsis, Solid Organ Transplant or solid metastatic cancer
- Prevents T Lymphocytes from replicating
- Prevents Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease (TAGVHD)
- Indicated in severe Immunocompromised states
-
Leukocyte Reduction (Leukoreduction)
- Reduces Leukocyte concentration in Blood Products (pRBC, Platelet Transfusion)
- Typically standard for Red Blood Cell Transfusions to be Leukocyte reduced
- Decreases risk of Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR)
- Decreases risk of CMV Infection
- Pathogen Inactivation
- UV-Light mediated destruction of pathogens with Nucleic Acids (does not replace other donor screening methods)
- Similar results to Irradiation
- Pathogen Inactivation is only available for Plasma Transfusion and Platelet Transfusion
- Volume Reduction
- Acellular fluid reduced (concentrating Blood Product)
- Decreased risk of several Transfusion Complications
- However, volume reduction has downsides (similar to washing)
- Decreases Blood Product shelf-life
- Requires increased blood bank staff time for processing
- Washing
- Replaces non-cellular fluid in cellular Blood Products
- Indicated in history of severe Allergic Transfusion Reaction or IgA deficiency
- Also indicated to sensitivity to extracellular Hemoglobin or Potassium
- Decreased risk of several Transfusion Complications
- However, washing has significant downsides
- Decreases Blood Product shelf-life (activates Platelets, hemolyzes Red Blood Cells)
- Requires increased blood bank staff time for processing
V. Types: Packed Red Blood Cells (pRBC)
- See Blood Transfusion (pRBC, Packed Red Blood Cells)
- Contains 200-250 ml per unit pRBC
- Increases Hematocrit 3% per unit pRBC
- Increases Hemoglobin 1 g/dl (10 g/L) per unit pRBC
- Indications
- Hemorrhagic Shock
- Hypovolemic Shock despite 40 ml/kg crystalloid
- Hemoglobin <7 to 8 g/dl
- Coagulopathy
VI. Types: Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
- See Plasma Transfusion (Fresh Frozen Plasma, FFP)
- Contains 200-250 ml per unit
- Contains all important Clotting Factors (Factors)
- Does not contain Platelets
- Provides Factor 2, 5, 7, 9, 10 and 11
- Provides Von Willebrand Factor and Antithrombin III
- Dosing: 10-20 ml/kg
- Increases Fibrinogen 7-10 mg/dl per unit
- Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC4) has largely replaced FFP for Warfarin Emergent Reversal of Anticoagulation
- Indications
- INR >1.5 to 1.6 AND
- Active bleeding or high risk of bleeding
VII. Types: Cryoprecipitate
- See Cryoprecipitate
- See Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC4)
- Contains 50 ml/unit
- Components
- Contains Fibrinogen, fibronectin and Von Willebrand Factor (vWF)
- Contains Factors 5, 8, 13
- Increases Fibrinogen up to 100 mg/dl per unit dose (15-20 ml per 5-7 kg body weight)
- Indications
- Hypofibrinogenemia (Fibrinogen <100-150 mg/dl)
- Reverses Coagulopathy due to Fibrinogen deficiency
VIII. Types: Platelets
- See Platelet Transfusion
- Contains 50 ml/unit
- Increases Platelets 25,000/ul to 35,000/ul per 2.0 m2 BSA per 6 pack (one Platelet Apheresis Unit)
- Indications
- Platelet Count <50,000 AND Surgery or childbirth (other cut-offs vary between 10-20,000) OR
- Massive Transfusion Protocol
IX. Adverse Reactions
- See Transfusion Complication
- Hypothermia (warm Blood Products before infusion)
- Hypocalcemia
- Transfusion Reactions
X. References
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| Definition (MSH) | The transfer of blood components such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma from a donor to a recipient or back to the donor. This process differs from the procedures undertaken in PLASMAPHERESIS and types of CYTAPHERESIS; (PLATELETPHERESIS and LEUKAPHERESIS) where, following the removal of plasma or the specific cell components, the remainder is transfused back to the donor. |
| Concepts | Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure (T061) |
| MSH | D016913 |
| SnomedCT | 54790000 |
| CPT | 36430 |
| English | Blood Component Transfusion, Blood Component Transfusions, Component Transfusion, Blood, Component Transfusions, Blood, Transfusion, Blood Component, Transfusions, Blood Component, blood component transfusion, blood component, blood components, Transfusion of blood component, Transfusion of blood component (procedure), Blood component |
| Swedish | Blodkomponenttransfusion |
| Czech | transfúze jednotlivých krevních složek, převod jednotlivých krevních složek, transfuze jednotlivých krevních složek |
| Finnish | Verikomponenttien siirto |
| Russian | PERELIVANIE OTDEL'NYKH KOMPONENTOV KROVI, PERELIVANIE KOMPONENTOV KROVI, ПЕРЕЛИВАНИЕ КОМПОНЕНТОВ КРОВИ, ПЕРЕЛИВАНИЕ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ КРОВИ |
| French | Transfusion de composants sanguins, Transfusion de constituants du sang, Transfusion d'éléments sanguins, Transfusion de constituants sanguins, Transfusion de composants du sang |
| Croatian | KRVNE KOMPONENTE, TRANSFUZIJA |
| Polish | Przetaczanie składników krwi, Przetaczanie preparatów krwiopochodnych |
| Norwegian | Overføring av blodkomponenter, Blodkomponentoverføring, Blodkomponenttransfusjon, Transfusjon av blodkomponenter |
| Spanish | transfusión de un componente sanguíneo (procedimiento), transfusión de un componente sanguíneo, Transfusión de Componentes Sanguíneos |
| German | Blutkomponententransfusion, Transfusion, Blutkomponenten-, Transfusion von Blutkomponenten |
| Italian | Trasfusione di componenti ematici |
| Dutch | Bloedcomponententransfusie, Transfusie, bloedcomponenten- |
| Portuguese | Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos |
Ontology: Blood product (C0456388)
| Definition (NCI) | Any natural or synthetic composition that replicates the structure or function of a native component of blood. |
| Definition (HL7V3.0) | <p>A manufactured product that is produced from the raw blood oi a donor with the intention of using it in a recipient transfusion.</p> |
| Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
| SnomedCT | 277048006, 30004009, 256364002, 410652009 |
| HL7 | BLDPRD |
| LNC | LP32805-1, LP32808-5 |
| Spanish | hemoderivado, hemoderivados, hemoderivados (calificador), hemoderivado (producto), hemoderivado (sustancia), producto derivado de la sangre (producto), producto derivado de la sangre |
| English | Blood Product, Blood products, Blood product (general), blood products, blood product, Blood replenisher, Blood products (qualifier value), Blood replenisher, NOS, Blood product (substance), Blood product (product), Blood product |
