II. Definitions

  1. Parenteral Route
    1. Term Parenteral is derived from "around the intestinal tract" (i.e. bypassing the intestinal tract)
    2. Preferred for conditions where rapid absorption and consistent drug levels are critical (e.g. Resuscitation, Sepsis)
    3. Parenteral Routes risk infection as well as pain of administration

III. Types

  1. Intravenous (IV)
    1. Rapid onset of action and consistent and predictable drug levels
    2. Requires sterile, soluble drugs and Intravenous Access
  2. Intramuscular (IM)
    1. See Intramuscular Injection
    2. Drugs (e.g. Epinephrine, Penicillin) injected into large Muscle regions (e.g. Shoulder, thigh, buttock) rely on local capillary absorption
    3. Absorption is dependent on formulations (slow absorption with lipid preparations, faster absorption with aqueous preparations)
  3. Subcutaneous (SQ or SC)
    1. See Subcutaneous Injection
    2. Drugs (e.g. Insulin, Morphine, Enoxaparin) are injected beneath the skin and absorbed via local capillaries

Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)

Related Studies

Ontology: Parenteral Route of Drug Administration (C1518896)

Definition (HL7V3.0) <p>Parenteral</p>
Definition (HL7V3.0) <p>Parenteral</p>
Definition (NCI) Administration of a substance by some means other than through the gastrointestinal tract: usually through injection, infusion, or implantation. Predominantly, the drug action is systemic, but in some cases, it is confined to local area.
Definition (NCI_CDISC) Administration by injection, infusion, or implantation. (FDA)
Concepts Functional Concept (T169)
SnomedCT 447202000
HL7 _ParenteralRoute, 2.16.840.1.113883.1.11.17289
English ParenteralRoute, Parenteral Route of Administration, Parenteral, parenteral administration route, parenteral administration route (treatment), Parenteral route, Parenteral route (navigational concept), Parenteral route (qualifier value), PAREN, PARENTERAL, Parenteral Route of Drug Administration
Spanish vía parenteral, vía parenteral (calificador), vía parenteral (concepto para navegación)

Ontology: Injection, parenteral (C1555373)

Definition (HL7V3.0) <p>Injection, parenteral</p>
Concepts Functional Concept (T169)
HL7 PARENTINJ
LNC LA11356-5
English Injection, parenteral