II. Indications
-
Staphylococcus Infection
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Specific Infections
- Skin Infection
- Soft tissue infection
- Lymphatic infection
- Bone infection
- Joint infection
III. Mechanism
- Same action to Natural Penicillins
- Prevents Penicillinase hydrolysis of Beta lactam ring
IV. Mechanism: Bacterial Resistance mechanisms
- Alteration of Bacterial cell wall
V. Mechanism: Activity Spectrum
- Same as for Natural Penicillins
VI. Preparations: Oral
- Directions
- Take on an empty Stomach
- Take more than 1 hour before or two hours after food
- Cloxacillin (Cloxapen) 250-500 mg PO qid
- Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
- Adult: 125 to 500 mg PO qid
- Child: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg/day PO divided qid
VII. Preparations: Parenteral
- Methicillin (Staphcillin)
- Nafcillin (Nafcil, Unipen)
- Adult: 1 to 2 grams IM or IV every 4 hours
- Child: 50 to 200 mg/kg/day divided every 4 to 6 hours
- Oxacillin (Bactocill)
- Adult: 1 to 2 grams IM or IV every 4 to 6 hours
VIII. Adverse effects
- Nephritis (Methicillin)
- Venous inflammation (Nafcillin)
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Related Studies
| dicloxacillin (on 5/17/2017 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing) | ||
| DICLOXACILLIN 250 MG CAPSULE | Generic | $0.50 each |
| DICLOXACILLIN 500 MG CAPSULE | Generic | $0.80 each |
Ontology: Cloxacillin (C0009077)
| Definition (NCI) | A semisynthetic beta-lactamase resistant penicillin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cloxacillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, thereby preventing the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to an interruption of the bacterial cell wall and causes bacterial cell lysis. |
| Definition (MSH) | A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN. |
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D003023 |
| SnomedCT | 373276005, 68422006 |
| LNC | LP15442-4, MTHU006903 |
| English | Chloroxacillin, Cloxacillin, 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(((3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-, cloxacillin, Cloxacillin [Chemical/Ingredient], CLOXACILLIN, Cloxacillin (product), Cloxacillin (substance) |
| Swedish | Kloxacillin |
| Czech | kloxacilin |
| Finnish | Kloksasilliini |
| Russian | NATRIIA KLOKSATSILLIN, KLOKSATSILLIN, KHLOROKSATSILLIN, КЛОКСАЦИЛЛИН, НАТРИЯ КЛОКСАЦИЛЛИН, ХЛОРОКСАЦИЛЛИН |
| Japanese | クロキサシリンナトリウム, クロロキサシリン, クロキサシリン, ソジウムクロキサシリン |
| Italian | Cloro oxacillina, Cloxacillina |
| Croatian | KLOKSACILIN |
| Polish | Syntarpen, Kloksacylina |
| Spanish | cloxacilina (producto), cloxacilina (sustancia), cloxacilina, Cloroxacilina, Cloxacilina |
| French | Cloxacilline |
| German | Chloroxacillin, Cloxacillin |
| Portuguese | Cloroxacilina, Cloxacilina |
Ontology: Dicloxacillin (C0012093)
| Definition (NCI) | A broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam, penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activity. Dicloxacillin binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. It also inhibits the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan, a critical component of bacterial cell walls. This leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and eventually causes cell lysis. |
| Definition (MSH) | One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE. |
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D004009 |
| SnomedCT | 372873001, 8416000 |
| LNC | LP14990-3, MTHU002293 |
| English | Dichloroxacillin, Dicloxaciclin, Dicloxacillin, Dicloxacycline, 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(((3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-, 3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin, dicloxacillin, Dicloxacillin [Chemical/Ingredient], dicloxacillin (medication), DICLOXACILLIN, Dicloxacillin (product), Dicloxacillin (substance) |
| Swedish | Dikloxacillin |
| Czech | dikloxacilin |
| Finnish | Dikloksasilliini |
| Russian | DIKHLOROKSATSILLIN, DIKLOKSATSILLIN, ДИКЛОКСАЦИЛЛИН, ДИХЛОРОКСАЦИЛЛИН |
| Japanese | ジクロキサシリン, ジクロロキサシリン, ジクロキサシリンナトリウム |
| Italian | Dicloxacilina, Dicloxaciclina, Dicloxacillina |
| Polish | Dikloksacylina |
| Spanish | dicloxacilina (producto), dicloxacilina (sustancia), dicloxacilina, Dicloroxacilina, Dicloxacilina |
| French | Dicloxacilline |
| German | Dichloroxacillin, Dicloxacillin |
| Portuguese | Dicloroxacilina, Dicloxacilina |
Ontology: Methicillin (C0025643)
| Definition (NCI) | A semisynthetic, narrow spectrum beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activity. Methicillin binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (BPBs) on the bacterial cell wall, thereby preventing the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to an interruption of the bacterial cell wall and causes bacterial lysis. |
| Definition (MSH) | One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection. |
| Definition (CSP) | semisynthetic penicillin used as an antibacterial in resistant staphylococcal infections. |
| Concepts | Organic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195) |
| MSH | D008712 |
| SnomedCT | 373515001, 61862008 |
| LNC | LP15975-3, MTHU008454 |
| English | Dimethoxyphenyl Penicillin, Methicillin, Penicillin, Dimethoxyphenyl, methicillin, 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-((2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-, Meticillin, 2,6 dimethoxyphenylpenicillin, Methicillin [Chemical/Ingredient], meticillin, Methicillin (product), Methicillin (substance), METHICILLIN |
| Swedish | Meticillin |
| Czech | methicilin |
| Finnish | Metisilliini |
| Russian | METITSILLIN, PENITSILLIN, DIMETOKSIFENIL, МЕТИЦИЛЛИН, ПЕНИЦИЛЛИН, ДИМЕТОКСИФЕНИЛ |
| Japanese | ジメトキシフェニルペニシリン, メチシリン, メチシリンナトリウム |
| Italian | Dimetossifenil-penicillina, Meticillina |
| Croatian | METICILIN |
| Polish | Penicylina dwumetoksyfenylowa, Metycylina |
| Spanish | meticilina (producto), meticilina (sustancia), meticilina, Dimetoxifenil Penicilina, Meticilina |
| French | Méticilline |
| German | Methicillin, Penicillin, Dimethoxyphenyl- |
| Portuguese | Dimetoxifenil Penicilina, Meticilina |
Ontology: Nafcillin (C0027324)
| Definition (NCI) | A semi-synthetic naphthalene and beta-lactam antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Nafcillin inhibits bacterial wall synthesis by a mechanism of action similar to penicillin. Penicillinase-resistant Nafcillin is used to treat infections caused by penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococci. (NCI04) |
| Definition (MSH) | A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. |
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D009254 |
| SnomedCT | 372898000, 91169009 |
| LNC | LP14999-4, MTHU002302 |
| English | Nafcillin, Naphthamidopenicillin, 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(((2-ethoxy-1-naphthalenyl)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-, Nafcillin [Chemical/Ingredient], nafcillin (medication), nafcillin, NAFCILLIN, Nafcillin (product), Nafcillin (substance) |
| Swedish | Nafcillin |
| Czech | nafcilin |
| Finnish | Nafsilliini |
| Russian | NAFTAMIDOPENITSILLIN, NATRIIA NAFTSILLIN, NAFTSILLIN, НАТРИЯ НАФЦИЛЛИН, НАФТАМИДОПЕНИЦИЛЛИН, НАФЦИЛЛИН |
| Japanese | ナフシリンナトリウム, ナフタミドペニシリン, ソジウムナフシリン, ナフシリン |
| Polish | Nafcylina |
| Spanish | nafcilina (producto), nafcilina (sustancia), nafcilina, Nafcilina, Naftamidopenicilina |
| French | Nafcilline |
| German | Nafcillin, Naphthamidopenicillin |
| Italian | Nafcillina |
| Portuguese | Nafcilina, Naftamidopenicilina |
Ontology: Oxacillin (C0029983)
| Definition (NCI) | A semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant and acid-stable penicillin with an antimicrobial activity. Oxacillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to inhibition of cell growth and causes cell lysis. |
| Definition (MSH) | An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections. |
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D010068 |
| SnomedCT | 372868007, 83201006, 85724000 |
| LNC | LP16206-2, MTHU008465 |
| English | Methylphenylisoxazolyl Penicillin, Oxacillin, Oxazocilline, Penicillin, Methylphenylisoxazolyl, 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-6-(((5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)carbonyl)amino)-7-oxo-, (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-, Oxacillin [Chemical/Ingredient], oxacillin (medication), oxacillin, OXACILLIN, Methylphenyl isoxazolyl penicillin, Oxacillin (product), Oxacillin (substance) |
| Swedish | Oxacillin |
| Czech | oxacilin |
| Finnish | Oksasilliini |
| Russian | OKSATSILLIN, NATRIIA OKSATSILLIN, OKSAZOTSILLIN, PENITSILLIN, METILFENILIZOKSAZOLIL, НАТРИЯ ОКСАЦИЛЛИН, ОКСАЗОЦИЛЛИН, ОКСАЦИЛЛИН, ПЕНИЦИЛЛИН, МЕТИЛФЕНИЛИЗОКСАЗОЛИЛ |
| Japanese | オキサゾシリン, メチルフェニルイソキサゾリルペニシリン, オキサシリン, ペニシリン-メチルフェニルイソキサゾリル, ソジウムオキサシリン, オキサシリンナトリウム |
| Croatian | Not Translated[Oxacillin] |
| Polish | Oksacylina, Penicylina metylfenyloksazolowa |
| Spanish | metilfenil isoxazolil penicilina, oxacilina (producto), oxacilina (sustancia), oxacilina, Metilfenilisoxazolil Penicilina, Oxacilina, Oxazocilina |
| French | Oxacilline |
| German | Oxacillin, Oxazocillin, Penicillin, Methylphenylisoxazolyl- |
| Italian | Oxacillina |
| Portuguese | Metilfenilisoxazolil Penicilina, Oxacilina, Oxazocilina |
