II. Indications
- Giardiasis (Diarrheal illness)
-
Cryptosporidiosis (Diarrheal Illness)
- May also be used off-label in Cryptosporidiosis with comorbid HIV Infection (on HAART)
III. Mechanism
- Synthetic benzamide
-
Antiprotozoal Agent blocks anaerobic Energy Metabolism
- Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR enzyme) dependent electron transfer
- Activity against Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum
IV. Medications
- Tablet: 500 mg
- Suspension: 100 mg/5 ml
- May be stored at room Temperature for up to 7 days
- Contains 1.5 g sucrose per 5 ml (teaspoon)
V. Dosing: Diarrhea associated with Giardiasis or Cryptosporidiosis
- Adult (and child >=12 years)
- Nitazoxanide 500 mg orally twice daily with food for 3 days
- Child
- Age 1 to 3 years: 100 mg orally twice daily with food for 3 days
- Age 3 to 11 years: 200 mg orally twice daily with food for 3 days
- Age >=12 years: Use adult dose
VI. Safety
- Unknown safety in pregnancy
- Unknown safety in Lactation
VII. Adverse Effects
- Urine will appear bright yellow orange (pyridium-like effect)
VIII. Resources
- Nitazoxanide Powder for Suspension (DailyMed)
- Nitazoxanide Tablet
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Related Studies
Definition (NCI) | A synthetic benzamide with antiprotozoal activity. Nitazoxanide exerts its antiprotozoal activity by interfering with the pyruvate ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase dependent electron transfer reaction, which is essential to anaerobic energy metabolism. PFOR enzyme reduces nitazoxanide, thereby impairing the energy metabolism. However, interference with the PFOR enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction may not be the only pathway by which nitazoxanide exhibits antiprotozoal activity. Nitazoxanide is active against Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | C041747 |
SnomedCT | 407149009, 407148001 |
LNC | LP172569-8, MTHU046349 |
English | nitazoxanide, Benzamide, 2-(acetyloxy)-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)-, Salicylamide, N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)-, Acetate(Ester), nitazoxanide (medication), nitazoxanide [Chemical/Ingredient], 2-(Acetolyloxy)-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide, Nitazoxanide (product), Nitazoxanide (substance), Nitazoxanide, NITAZOXANIDE |
Spanish | nitazoxanida (producto), nitazoxanida (sustancia), nitazoxanida |