II. Types: Penicillin Categories
- Natural Penicillins (see below)
- Penicillin G
- Procaine Penicillin G
- Penicillin V
- Benzathine
-
Aminopenicillins
- Ampicillin or Amoxicillin
- Augmentin or Unasyn
- Extended Spectrum Penicillin
- Penicillinase-Resistant Semisynthetic Penicillin
III. Mechanism: Action
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
IV. Mechanism: Penicillin Resistance mechanisms
- Bacterial Production of Beta lactamase
-
Bacterial Alteration in Penicillin-binding Proteins
- Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
V. Indications: Antibacterial Activity Spectrum
- General Spectrum
- Penicillin drug of choice in:
VI. Dosing: Child
- Penicillin G
- Standard Dosing
- Penicillin G 100-150k U/Kg/day IV/IM divided q4-6h
- Group B Streptococcus or Meningitis
- Penicillin G 250k-300k U/Kg/day IV/IM divided q4h
- HaemophilusInfluenzae Meningitis
- Penicillin G 400,000 units/kg/day IV divided q4h
- Standard Dosing
- Benzathine Penicillin (Bicillin LA)
- Weight <27 kg: 0.3 to 0.6 Million Units IM for 1 dose
- Weight >27 kg: 0.9 to 1.2 Million Units IM for 1 dose
- Penicillin V (Pen-Vee K)
- Supplied: 125 or 250 mg/5ml elixir
- Dosing: 25-50 mg/kg/day divided qid
VII. Adverse Effects
- Anaphylaxis and other Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Nephritis
- Hyperkalemia
- Seizures
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Related Studies
| Penicillin VK (on 6/18/2017 at Walmart.com) | ||
| Penicillin VK 125mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Penicillin VK 125mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Penicillin VK 250mg | #28 tablets for $4.00 | $0.14 each |
| Penicillin VK 250mg | #84 tablets for $10.00 | $0.12 each |
| penicillin (on 5/17/2017 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing) | ||
| PENICILLIN VK 125 MG/5 ML SOLN | Generic | $0.05 per ml |
| PENICILLIN VK 250 MG TABLET | Generic | $0.09 each |
| PENICILLIN VK 250 MG/5 ML SOLN | Generic | $0.06 per ml |
| PENICILLIN VK 500 MG TABLET | Generic | $0.16 each |
| bicillin (on 6/1/2017 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing) | ||
| BICILLIN L-A 1,200,000 UNITS | $69.92 per ml | |
| BICILLIN L-A 2,400,000 UNITS | $70.82 per ml | |
Ontology: Penicillins (C0030842)
| Definition (NCI) | Any beta-lactam antibiotic derived from Pencillium fungi with bactericidal activity. Penicillin antibiotics bind to and inactivate penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis. |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A drug that is used to treat infection. It belongs to the family of drugs called antibiotics. |
| Definition (MSH) | A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065) |
| Definition (CSP) | group of natural or semisynthetic antibacterial antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group; they exert a bacteriocidal as well as bacteriostatic effect on susceptible bacteria by interfering with the final stages of the synthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan. |
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D010406 |
| SnomedCT | 373270004, 6369005 |
| English | Penicillins, Antibiotics, Penicillin, Penicillin Antibiotics, penicillin (medication), penicillin, Penicillins [Chemical/Ingredient], penicillins, penicillin antibiotic, penicillin antibiotics, BETA-LACTAM ANTIBACTERIALS, PENICILLINS, Penicillin, Penicillin -class of antibiotic- (product), Penicillin -class of antibiotic- (substance), Penicillin -class of antibiotic-, Penicillin Antibiotic |
| Swedish | Penicilliner |
| Czech | peniciliny |
| Finnish | Penisilliinit |
| Russian | PENITSILLINY, ПЕНИЦИЛЛИНЫ |
| Japanese | ペニシリン系抗生物質, ペニシリン類, 抗生物質-ペニシリン系, ペニシリン |
| Croatian | PENICILINI |
| Polish | Penicyliny |
| Spanish | penicilina (clase de antibiótico) (producto), penicilina (clase de antibiótico) (sustancia), penicilina (clase de antibiótico), Penicilinas, Antibióticos Penicilinos |
| French | Pénicillines |
| German | Antibiotika, Penicillin-, Penicilline |
| Italian | Penicilline |
| Portuguese | Antibióticos Penicilina, Penicilinas |
Ontology: benzathine (C0053153)
| Concepts | Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | C010044 |
| English | benzathine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine |
Ontology: Natural penicillin (C0304323)
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| SnomedCT | 86536001, 373291007 |
| English | penicillin natural, natural penicillin, Natural penicillin (product), Natural penicillin (substance), Natural penicillin, Natural penicillin, NOS |
| Spanish | penicilina natural (producto), penicilina natural (sustancia), penicilina natural |
Ontology: Bicillin (C0729074)
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D010401 |
| English | bicillin, Bicillin |
| Czech | Bicillin |
