II. Indications
III. Mechanism
- Nitroimidazole Antiprotozoal Agent
- Active against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia
- Metabolized to nitrite anions and Metronidazole
- Metronidazole in turn disrupts DNA helix, resulting in DNA breakage
- Final result is an inhibition of Protein synthesis in susceptible organisms
IV. Medications
- Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg
- May be compounded into oral suspension by pharmacist
V. Dosing
-
Trichomoniasis
- Adult: 2 grams orally with food for single dose
-
Giardiasis
- Adult: 2 grams orally with food for single dose
- Child (age >3 years): 50 mg/kg (up to 2 grams) orally with food for one dose
-
Amebiasis
- Treatment for Amebic Dysentery or Liver Abscess should also include iodoquinol or Paromomycin
- Adult: 2 grams orally with food daily for 3 days
- Child (age >3 years): 50 mg/kg (up to 2 grams) orally with food daily for 3 days
-
Bacterial Vaginosis
- Adult: 2 grams orally with food daily for 2 days (or 1 g daily for 5 days)
VI. Safety
- Unknown safety in pregnancy
- Unknown safety in Lactation
- Consider pumping and dumping for first 3 days after a single dose
VII. Drug Interactions
-
Alcohol
- Disulfiram reaction
- Avoid Alcohol for at least 3 days after last Tinidazole dose
- Tinidazole may increase other drug levels
- Cyclosporine
- Fluorouracil
- Lithium
- Phenytoin
- Tacrolimus
- Warfarin (and increased INR)
-
Cholestyramine
- Separate dosing time from Tinidazole dose
VIII. Resources
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
tinidazole (on 12/21/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing) | ||
TINIDAZOLE 500 MG TABLET | Generic | $2.60 each |
Ontology: Tinidazole (C0040263)
Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A drug used to treat protozoal infections, such as amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis. It belongs to a family of drugs called antiprotozoal agents. Tinidazole is also being evaluated in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections in people with low-grade gastric lymphoma. |
Definition (NCI) | A 5-nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, it has been suggested that tinidazole is metabolized and yields nitrite anions and metronidazole. Metronidazole's nitro group in turn is reduced via the parasite ferredoxin, thereby generating a series of free nitro radicals including nitro anions. Toxicity is achieved via depletion of sulfhydryl groups and DNA strand breaks with multiple hits having an additive effect and ultimately leading to cell death. |
Definition (MSH) | A nitroimidazole antitrichomonal agent effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia infections. |
Definition (PDQ) | A 5-nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, it has been suggested that tinidazole is metabolized and yields nitrite anions and metronidazole. Metronidazole's nitro group in turn is reduced via the parasite ferredoxin, thereby generating a series of free nitro radicals including nitro anions. Toxicity is achieved via depletion of sulfhydryl groups and DNA strand breaks with multiple hits having an additive effect and ultimately leading to cell death. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=43288&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=43288&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C890" NCI Thesaurus) |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | D014011 |
SnomedCT | 324550004, 395907001 |
LNC | LP90845-6, MTHU032217 |
English | 1H-Imidazole, 1-(2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-, TDZ, tinidazole (medication), Tinidazole [Chemical/Ingredient], TINIDAZOLE, simplotan, Tinidazole, tinidazole, Tinidazole (product), Tinidazole (substance) |
Swedish | Tinidazol |
Czech | tinidazol |
Finnish | Tinidatsoli |
Russian | TINIDAZOL, ТИНИДАЗОЛ |
Japanese | チニダゾール |
Polish | Tynidazol, Tinidazol |
Spanish | tinidazol (producto), tinidazol (sustancia), tinidazol, Tinidazol |
French | Tinidazole |
German | Tinidazol |
Italian | Tinidazolo |
Portuguese | Tinidazol |