II. Indications

III. Mechanism

  1. Bactericidal agents prevent cell wall precursor transfers from plasma membrane to Bacterial cell wall
  2. Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
  3. Primarily active against Gram Positive Cocci (including MRSA)
  4. Glycopeptides are originally isolated from plant and soil Bacteria

IV. Medications: Glycopeptides

  1. First-Generation Glycopeptide Antibiotic (Standard agents)
    1. Vancomycin
    2. Telavancin (Vibativ)
  2. Second-Generation Glycopeptide Antibiotic (longer acting agents, released 2014)
    1. Also known as Semi-Synthetic Glycopeptides and Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotics
    2. Dalbavancin (Dalvance)
      1. Infused over 30 minutes weekly
    3. Oritavancin (Orbactiv)
      1. Infused over 3 hours
      2. Single dose may be sufficient for MRSA Cellulitis
      3. Contraindicated with Warfarin or Heparin use

V. Adverse Effects

  1. Excessive Histamine release (occurs with rapid infusion; hold or slow infusion if occurs)
    1. Known as "Red Man Syndrome"
    2. Angioedema
    3. Flushed skin
    4. Hypotension
    5. Pruritus
  2. Toxicity if co-administered with Aminoglycoside
    1. Ototoxicity
    2. Nephrotoxicity
  3. Neutropenia
  4. Rash
  5. IgA Bullous Dermatosis (rare)

VI. References

  1. Lacy (2000) Drug Information Handbook, Lexi-Comp
  2. (2014) Presc Lett 21(8): 43

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Related Studies

Ontology: Glycopeptide antibiotic (C0162724)

Definition (NCI) One of a class of antibiotics originally isolated from plant and soil bacteria with structures containing either a glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptide. These antibiotics inhibit the cell wall structure of susceptible organisms (principally Gram-positive cocci) by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis. First-generation glycopeptide antibiotics include vancomycin, teicoplanin, and ramoplanin; second-generation semi-synthetic glycopeptide antibiotics include oritavancin, dalbavancin, and telavancin.
Definition (PDQ) One of a class of antibiotics originally isolated from plant and soil bacteria with structures containing either a glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptide. These antibiotics inhibit the cell wall structure of susceptible organisms (principally Gram-positive cocci) by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis.First-generation glycopeptide antibiotics include vancomycin, teicoplanin, and ramoplanin; second-generation semi-synthetic glycopeptide antibiotics include oritavancin, dalbavancin, and telavancin. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=468927&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=468927&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C61101" NCI Thesaurus)
Concepts Antibiotic (T195) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116)
SnomedCT 414354007, 414355008
English glycopeptide antibiotic, Glycopeptide Antibiotic, glycopeptide antibiotics, Glycopeptide antibiotic (product), Glycopeptide antibiotic (substance), Glycopeptide antibiotic
Spanish antibiótico glucopeptídico (producto), antibiótico glucopeptídico (sustancia), antibiótico glucopeptídico

Ontology: Red man syndrome (C1306792)

Definition (NCI) An abrupt onset drug reaction characterized by a red rash that involves the face, neck, and upper torso.(NICHD)
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
SnomedCT 238992001, 75794001
Italian Sindrome anafilattica con eruzione erimatosa, Sindrome dell'uomo rosso, Uomo rosso
English Red man syndrome, RED MAN SYNDROME, Red man, Red man's syndrome, red man's syndrome, red man, red man syndrome, red mans syndrome, mans red, Red Man Syndrome
Dutch rode man, rode man syndroom
French Red man syndrome, Sympt de rougeurs, SYNDROME DE L'HOMME ROUGE, Syndrome de l'homme rouge
German Red Man, RED MAN SYNDROM, Red Man Syndrom
Portuguese Homem vermelho, SINDROME DO HOMEM VERMELHO, Síndrome do homem vermelho
Spanish Hombre rojo, síndrome del hombre rojo, Síndrome del hombre rojo
Japanese レッドマン, レッドマン症候群, レッドマンショウコウグン, レッドマン
Czech Syndrom červeného muže, Red man syndrom
Hungarian Vörös-ember syndroma, Vörös ember syndroma, Vörös ember