II. Indications

  1. Conditions
    1. Community Acquired Pneumonia
    2. Refractory acute Bacterial Sinusitis (third line agent)
  2. Activity Spectrum
    1. Gram Negative Rod coverage (see other Fluoroquinolones)
      1. Enterobacteriaceae
    2. Atypical Bacteria
    3. Moderate Gram Positive activity

III. Mechanism

IV. Medications

  1. Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
    1. Adult Dose 250 to 750 mg orally or IV daily
    2. QT Prolongation with Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
      1. Three fold increased risk of Sudden Cardiac Death while on Levofloxacin
      2. This appears to be a class effect with most Fluoroquinolones except Ciprofloxacin
      3. Ray (2013) N Engl J Med 366(20): 1881-90 [PubMed]
  2. Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
    1. Low urine concentrations (avoid in UTI)
    2. No Pseudomonas coverage
    3. Highest risk Quinolone for QT Prolongation
  3. Sparfloxacin (Zagam)
    1. Associated with higher rates of Photosensitivity Reactions and was withdrawn from U.S. market in 2001
    2. Low urine concentrations (avoid in UTI)
  4. Gatifloxacin (Tequin)
    1. Removed from U.S. market in 2006 due to fatalities (Hypoglycemia related)
    2. Hypoglycemia with Gatifloxacin (Tequin)
      1. Has occurred in non-diabetics
      2. Contraindicated in Diabetes Mellitus

V. Adverse Effects

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Related Studies

Cost: Medications

gatifloxacin (on 12/21/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
GATIFLOXACIN 0.5% EYE DROPS Generic $10.81 per ml

Ontology: sparfloxacin (C0052585)

Definition (NCI) A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription. Sparfloxacin was withdrawn from the U.S. market due to a high incidence of phototoxicity.
Concepts Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109)
MSH C061363
SnomedCT 387554008, 96090000
LNC LP17280-6, MTHU009179
English sparfloxacin, sparfloxacin (medication), sparfloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient], 5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-[(3R,5S)3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, 5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-(cis-3,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)- 6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, Sparfloxacin, Sparfloxacin (product), Sparfloxacin (substance), SPARFLOXACIN
Spanish esparfloxacino, esparfloxacina (producto), esparfloxacino (producto), esparfloxacina, esparfloxacino (sustancia), esparfloxacina (sustancia)

Ontology: Zagam (C0724448)

Concepts Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109)
MSH C061363
English Zagam, sparfloxacin (Zagam), Aventis Behring brand of sparfloxacin, Bertek brand of sparfloxacin

Ontology: gatifloxacin (C0753645)

Definition (NCI) A synthetic 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. Gatifloxacin exerts its effect through inhibition of DNA gyrase, an enzyme involved in DNA replication, transcription and repair, and inhibition of topoisomerase IV, an enzyme involved in partitioning of chromosomal DNA during bacterial cell division.
Concepts Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109)
MSH C078049
SnomedCT 371238005, 116349004
LNC LP28719-0, MTHU014634
English 1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, Gatifloxacin product, gatifloxacin (medication), gatifloxacin, gatifloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient], GATIFLOXACIN, Gatifloxacin (product), Gatifloxacin (substance), Gatifloxacin, Gatifloxacin product (product)
Spanish gatifloxacina (producto), gatifloxacina (sustancia), gatifloxacino (sustancia), gatifloxacina, gatifloxacino, gatifloxacino (producto)

Ontology: Tequin (C0876180)

Concepts Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109)
MSH C078049
English Tequin, tequin