II. Physiology: Insensible Water Loss (IWL)
- Weight <1000 grams: 52 ml/kg/day
- Weight <1250 grams: 56 ml/kg/day
- Weight <1500 grams: 46 ml/kg/day
- Weight >1500 grams: 26 ml/kg/day
III. Physiology: Newborn Renal limits
- Limits are more severe in younger gestation
- Limited ability to concentrate or dilute urine
- Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Decreased renal Blood Flow
- Decreased resorption of Glucose, Sodium, bicarbonate
- Inability to excrete acid and phosphate load
IV. Physiology: Decreased fluid requirements
- Renal Failure or cardiac failure
- Lower insensible water loss
- High Anti-DiureticHormone level
V. Physiology: Increased fluid requirements
- Excess Insensible water loss
- Fever
- High Activity
- High renal loss
VI. Indications: Parenteral nutrition (Amino Acids, lipids)
- Enteral intake <50 kcal/kg/day for >48 hours