II. Causes: Sympathomimetics (Alpha Adrenergic Agonists)

III. Causes: Anticholinergics

IV. Causes: Neurologic and psychiatric agents

VI. Causes: Phenothiazines

  1. Prochlorperazine
  2. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
  3. Promethazine hydrochloride

VII. Causes: Recreational and Illicit Drugs

  1. Alcohol
  2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
  3. Phencyclidine (PCP)
  4. Methamphetamine
  5. Ephedra-containing supplements
  6. Cocaine
  7. Bath Salts
  8. Ecstacy
  9. Jimson Weed
  10. Hallucinogenic Mushrooms

VIII. Causes: Other Medications

IX. References

  1. Salinas and Ruttan (2017) Crit Dec Emerg Med 31(9): 3-10
  2. Pryor (2015) Wilderness Environ Med 26(4 suppl):569-75 [PubMed]

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