Medications Predisposing to Heat Illness

Aka: Medications Predisposing to Heat Illness, Drugs Predisposing to Heat Illness

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II. Causes: Sympathomimetics (Alpha Adrenergic Agonists)

  1. See Recreational and Illicit Drugs below
  2. Dextroamphetamine (e.g. Adderall) and Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
  3. Epinephrine
  4. Ephedrine
  5. Ephedra-containing supplements
  6. Norepinephrine
  7. Decongestants

III. Causes: Anticholinergics

  1. Atropine
  2. Scopolamine
  3. Benztropine Mesylate
  4. Antihistamines

IV. Causes: Neurologic and psychiatric agents

  1. Antiparkinsonism Medications
  2. Antipsychotics (disrupted hypothalamic Thermoregulation)
    1. Butyrophenones (e.g. Haloperidol)
    2. Clozapine
    3. Olanzapine
    4. Quetiapine
  3. Tricyclic Antidepressant
    1. Amitriptyline (Elavil)
    2. Imipramine
    3. Nortriptyline
    4. Protriptyline
  4. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
    1. Phenelzine
    2. Tranylcypromine
  5. Miscellaneous psychiatric agents
    1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
    2. Lithium
  6. Neuroleptics
    1. Gabapentin
    2. Lamotrigine
    3. Topiramate

V. Causes: Cardiovascular

  1. Beta Blockers
  2. Calcium Channel Blockers
  3. Diuretics
    1. Caffeine
    2. Alcohol
    3. Furosemide (Lasix)
    4. Hydrochlorothiazide
    5. Bumetanide (Bumex)

VI. Causes: Phenothiazines

  1. Prochlorperazine
  2. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
  3. Promethazine hydrochloride

VII. Causes: Other Medications

  1. Laxatives
  2. Thyroid receptor Agonists (e.g. Levothyroxine)
  3. Salicylates (e.g. Aspirin) and other antiplatelet agents (e.g. Clopidogrel)

VIII. Causes: Recreational and Illicit Drugs

  1. Caffeine
  2. Nicotine products (e.g. Cigarettes, cigars, Vaping products)
  3. Alcohol
  4. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
  5. Phencyclidine (PCP)
  6. Methamphetamine and other illicit Amphetamines (e.g. MDMA)
  7. Ephedra-containing supplements
  8. Cocaine
  9. Bath Salts
  10. Ecstacy
  11. Jimson Weed
  12. Hallucinogenic Mushrooms

IX. References

  1. Salinas and Ruttan (2017) Crit Dec Emerg Med 31(9): 3-10
  2. Gauer (2026) Am Fam Physician 113(4): 369-81 [PubMed]
  3. Pryor (2015) Wilderness Environ Med 26(4 suppl):569-75 [PubMed]

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