Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor

Aka: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, MAO inhibitor, Phenelzine, Nardil, Tranylcypromine, Parnate

advertisement

II. Indications: Comorbid Depression

  1. Anxiety Disorder
  2. Atypical Depression
  3. Refractory Depression
  4. Bulimia
  5. Social Phobia

III. Mechanism

  1. Inhibits monoamine oxidase
    1. Monoamine Oxidase is enzyme that breaks down biogenic amines (e.g. Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Dopamine)
    2. Type A Monoamine Oxidase affects Gastrointestinal System
    3. Type B Monoamine Oxidase affects Central Nervous System
    4. Older MAO inhibitors are nonspecific and affect both Type A and B (e.g. trancypromine, Phenelzine)
    5. Selegiline is specific for Type B and is used in Parkinsonism
  2. Increases synaptic concentration of monoamines
    1. Serotonin
    2. Norepinephrine

IV. Precautions

  1. Tyramine-free diet must be followed
    1. Continue for two weeks after stopping medication
    2. See Tyramine Containing Foods
  2. Stop 2 weeks before starting another Antidepressant
  3. Taper Nardil slowly when stopping
    1. See Antidepressant Withdrawal
    2. Reduce dose by 15 mg/day every 2 weeks (or 10%/week)

V. Preparations: Hydrazine

  1. Isocarboxazid (Marplan): No longer manufactured in U.S.
    1. Dosing: 10 mg PO bid
    2. Maximum: 60 mg per day
  2. Phenelzine (Nardil)
    1. Dosing: 15 mg PO tid
    2. Maximum: 90 mg per day

VI. Preparations Non-hydrazine

  1. Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
    1. Dosing: 10-40 mg/day in divided doses
    2. Maximum: 60 mg per day
  2. Parkinsonian agents
    1. Selegiline (Eldepryl)

VII. Preparations: Other agents with MAO inhibitor Activity

  1. Linezolid
  2. St John's Wort
    1. Contains Hypericin and Hyperforin (weak Type A and B MAO inhibitors)

VIII. Complications

  1. Hypertensive Crisis (life-threatening)
    1. Occurs if tyramine or Sympathomimetic exposure
    2. Treat with Phentolamine (alpha-adrenergic Antagonist)
  2. Hypotension to cardiovascular collapse (occurs with Overdose)
    1. Treat with Intravenous Fluids and direct acting Vasopressors (e.g. Norepinephrine)
  3. Serotonin Syndrome
    1. Occurs with concurrent use of other Serotoninergic drug, or in Overdose

IX. Drug Interactions (Do not use with these medications)

  1. Tyramine Containing Foods
  2. Sympathomimetics (Ephedra, Ephedrine)
  3. Serotoninergic medications
  4. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)

X. Adverse Effects

  1. Anti-Histaminergic effects
    1. Dizziness
    2. Sedation
    3. Orthostatic Hypotension
    4. Weight gain
  2. Dopaminergic effects
    1. Insomnia
    2. Myoclonal jerks
  3. Serotoninergic Effects
    1. Sexual Dysfunction
    2. Headache
  4. Anticholinergic Toxicity
    1. Dry Mouth
    2. Constipation
    3. Blurred Vision
    4. Urinary hesitancy
    5. Nausea
    6. Memory Dysfunction
  5. Other Effects
    1. Peripheral Edema
    2. Weakness

XI. References

  1. Nordt and Shoenberger in Herbert (2019) EM:Rap 19(3): 8-9

Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)

These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor." Click on the image (or right click) to open the source website in a new browser window. Search Bing for all related images

Related Studies

Cost: Medications

phenelzine (on 9/21/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
PHENELZINE SULFATE 15 MG TAB Generic $0.57 each
tranylcypromine (on 12/21/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
TRANYLCYPROMINE SULF 10 MG TAB Generic $0.89 each
FPNotebook does not benefit financially from showing this medication data or their pharmacy links. This information is provided only to help medical providers and their patients see relative costs. Insurance plans negotiate lower medication prices with suppliers. Prices shown here are out of pocket, non-negotiated rates. See Needy Meds for financial assistance information. GoodRx is another tool for finding lower drug prices.

Related Topics in Pharmacology

advertisement