Medication Causes of Edema

Aka: Medication Causes of Edema, Edema Secondary to Medications

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II. Mechanism

  1. Edema is typically due to salt and water retention unless otherwise noted

III. Causes: Antihypertensives

  1. Hydralazine
  2. Diazoxide (Hyperstat)
  3. Minoxidil
  4. Methyldopa
  5. Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g. Amlodipine or Norvasc, Diltiazem, Nifedipine)
  6. Beta Blockers
  7. Clonidine (Catapres)

IV. Causes: Endocrine agents

  1. Corticosteroids (e.g. Prednisone, Prednisolone)
  2. Estrogen
  3. Progesterone
  4. Testosterone
  5. Insulin
  6. Thiazolidinedione (e.g. Pioglitazone or Actos, Avandia)

V. Causes: Neurologic and Psychiatric Medications

  1. Antidepressants
    1. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
    2. Trazodone
  2. Antipsychotics: Phenothiazines
    1. Thioridazine (Mellaril)
    2. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
    3. Trifluoperazine (Stelazine)
    4. Thiothixene (Navane)
  3. Neurologic Medications
    1. Dopamine Agonists such as Pramipexole (Mirapex)
    2. Gabapentin (Neurontin)
    3. Pregabalin (Lyrica)

VI. Causes: Chemotherapy

  1. Interleukin-2 (Increased Vascular permeability)
  2. Interleukin-4
  3. Interferon alfa
  4. Docetaxel (Taxotere)
  5. Cyclophosphamide
  6. Cyclosporine
  7. Mithramycin
  8. Cytosine Arbinoside
  9. Granulocyte colony-stmulating factor
  10. Granulocyte-macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
  11. Gemcitabine

VII. Causes: Miscellaneous agents

  1. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
  2. Buprenorphine
  3. Diuretic Abuse or Laxative abuse
    1. Increases renin and Aldosterone levels
    2. Rebound salt retention on stopping medication
  4. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    1. Ibuprofen
    2. Celecoxib (Celebrex)

VIII. References

  1. (2019) Presc Lett
  2. Trayes (2013) Am Fam Physician 88(2): 102-10 [PubMed]

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