II. Definitions
- Aldosterone
- Aldosterone is a key Mineralocorticoid that triggers renal retention of Sodium (and water) and Potassium excretion
- Steroid Hormone synthesized in the zona glomerulosa of the Adrenal Cortex, with release triggered by Angiotensin 2
- Mineralocorticoid
- Class of Corticosteroids regulating Sodium and Water Homeostasis, primarily the retention of Sodium (and water)
- Aldosterone is the key Mineralocorticoid (although agents have Mineralocorticoid activity such as Progesterone)
- Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is a synthetic agent with Mineralocorticoid activity
III. Physiology
- See Sodium and Water Homeostasis
- Aldosterone is a key Mineralocorticoid
- Triggers renal retention of Sodium (and water)
- Ions exchanged for Sodium ion retention
- Potassium (increased Potassium excretion)
- Hydrogen Ion (alkalosis)
- Aldosterone is a steroid Hormone synthesized in the zona glomerulosa of the Adrenal Cortex
- Aldosterone levels represent only 1% of Glucocorticoid levels (esp. Cortisol)
- Modifying factors
- Release is stimulated primarily by Angiotensin 2, but also by ACTH and Hyperkalemia
- Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits Aldosterone release
- Mineralocorticoids are inactivated by 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2
- Chronic Licorice intake inhibits this enzyme and may result in Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
IV. Pathophysiology
V. Labs
- Typically measured with plasma renin activity (PRA) to obtain a morning Aldosterone to PRA ratio
- Serum Aldosterone (radioimmunoassay)
- Normal Morning level in resting, seated adults: 5 to 30 ng/dl (140 to 830 pmol/L)
- Miscellaneous effects on levels
- Lower levels in black patients
- Levels are highest in the morning and lowest in evening
VI. Causes: Increased Serum Aldosterone
- See Hyperaldosteronism
- Primary Aldosteronism
-
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Malignant Hypertension
- Edematous States with intravascular volume depletion (e.g. Heart Failure, Cirrhosis)
- Medications (Aldosterone Antagonists, Progesterone)
- Hyperkalemia
- Women in Luteal Phase of Menstrual Cycle
- Pregnancy
- Levels may be 10 fold higher in third trimester than in non-pregnant patients
- High licorice consumption
VII. Causes: Decreased Serum Aldosterone
- 11-beta Hydroxylase deficiency
- 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
- Cushing Syndrome
- Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
- Liddle's Syndrome
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Ectopic ACTH Syndrome
VIII. Resources
- Mineralocorticoid (wikipedia)
IX. References
- Stowasser in Lacroix (2021) Assays of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system in adrenal disease, UpToDate, accessed 2/26/2022
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Definition (CHV) | a hormone that controls electrolyte and water balance |
Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A steroid hormone made by the adrenal cortex (the outer layer of the adrenal gland). It helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney by keeping sodium in and releasing potassium from the body. Too much aldosterone can cause high blood pressure and a build-up of fluid in body tissues. Aldosterone is a type of mineralocorticoid hormone. |
Definition (NCI) | A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. (MeSH) |
Definition (MSH) | A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. |
Definition (CSP) | hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Hormone (T125) , Steroid (T110) |
MSH | D000450 |
SnomedCT | 42605004, 22474002 |
LNC | LP14377-3, MTHU004471 |
English | Aldosterone, Pregn-4-en-18-al, 11,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-, (11beta)-, Aldosterone [Chemical/Ingredient], ALDOSTERONE, aldosterone, (+)-Aldosterone, Aldosterone preparation, Aldosterone (substance), Aldosterone preparation (product), Aldosterone preparation (substance) |
Swedish | Aldosteron |
Czech | aldosteron |
Finnish | Aldosteroni |
Russian | AL'DOSTERON, АЛЬДОСТЕРОН |
Japanese | アルドステロン, エレクトロコルチン |
Spanish | aldosterona (producto), preparado con aldosterona (producto), preparado con aldosterona, aldosterona (sustancia), aldosterona, preparado de aldosterona (producto), preparado de aldosterona (sustancia), preparado de aldosterona, Aldosterona |
Croatian | ALDOSTERON |
Polish | Aldosteron, Elektrokortyna |
Norwegian | Aldosteron |
French | Aldostérone |
German | Aldosteron |
Italian | Aldosterone |
Portuguese | Aldosterona |
Ontology: Mineralocorticoids (C0026160)
Definition (MSH) | A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS primarily associated with water and electrolyte balance. This is accomplished through the effect on ION TRANSPORT in renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Mineralocorticoid secretion is itself regulated by PLASMA VOLUME, serum potassium, and ANGIOTENSIN II. |
Definition (NCI) | A class of corticosteroid hormones that maintains fluid and electrolyte balance. The main mineralocorticoid is Aldosterone. |
Definition (CSP) | hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that maintain normal blood volume, promote sodium and water retention and increase urinary excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. |
Concepts | Hormone (T125) , Steroid (T110) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
MSH | D008901 |
SnomedCT | 36887008, 83692001 |
English | Mineralocorticoids, MINERALOCORTICOIDS, mineralocorticoids, mineralocorticoids (medication), [HS052] MINERALOCORTICOIDS, mineralocorticosteroids, mineralocorticosteroid, mineralocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid hormone, Mineralocorticoid hormone (substance), Mineralocorticoid preparation (product), Mineralocorticoid preparation, Mineralocorticoid preparation, NOS, Mineralocorticoid preparation (substance), Mineralocorticoid |
Swedish | Mineralkortikoider |
Czech | mineralokortikoidy |
Finnish | Mineralokortikoidit |
Russian | MINERALOKORTIKOIDY SINTETICHESKIE, MINERALOKORTIKOIDY, MINERALOKORTIKOIDOV ANALOGI, MINERALOKORTIKOIDNOE DEISTVIE, МИНЕРАЛОКОРТИКОИДНОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ, МИНЕРАЛОКОРТИКОИДОВ АНАЛОГИ, МИНЕРАЛОКОРТИКОИДЫ, МИНЕРАЛОКОРТИКОИДЫ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЕ |
Spanish | preparado con mineralocorticoide (producto), mineralocorticoide, mineralocorticoide (producto), preparado con mineralocorticoide, Efecto Mineralocorticoide, hormona mineralocorticoide (sustancia), hormona mineralocorticoide, preparado de mineralocorticoides (producto), preparado de mineralocorticoides (sustancia), preparado de mineralocorticoides, Mineralocorticoides |
Polish | Mineralokortykoidy |
Portuguese | Mineralocorticoides, Efeito Mineralocorticoide |
French | Minéralocorticoïdes |
German | Mineralocorticoide |
Italian | Corticoidi minerali |