II. Labs
-
Hypokalemia with increased Urine Potassium
- 24 hour Urine Potassium > 15 to 30 meq/L/day
- Urine Potassium to Creatinine ratio > 13
- Poor Specificity and high variability
III. Causes: Blood Pressure Elevated and Hypokalemia
-
Renin Elevated
- Malignant Hypertension
- Renovascular disease
- Renin Secreting tumor
-
Renin Normal
- Liddle's Syndrome
-
Renin Low
- Aldosterone High
- Primary Hyperaldosteronism
- Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- Dexamethasone suppression
- Aldosterone Low
- Mineralocorticoid ingestion
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Ectopic ACTH
- Tobacco chewing
- Licorice
- Exogenous Corticosteroids (e.g. Prednisone)
- Aldosterone High
IV. Causes: Blood Pressure Normal and Hypokalemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Serum Bicarbonate Low
- Renal Tubular Acidosis (Types 1 and 2)
- Serum Bicarbonate High
- Urine Chloride Low (<10 meq/L)
- Urine Chloride High (>10 meq/L)
- Intrinsic renal transport defect (Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman Syndrome)
- Normotensive Primary Hyperaldosteronism
- Diuretic use (Loop Diuretics, Thiazide Diuretics)
- Severe Potassium depletion