Hypokalemia due to Medication

Aka: Hypokalemia due to Medication, Drug-Induced Hypokalemia, Medication Causes of Low Potassium

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II. Causes: Hypokalemia due to Transcellular Potassium Shift

  1. See Transcellular Potassium Shift
  2. Beta-Agonist (Sympathomimetics)
  3. Vitamin B12 Supplementation
  4. Decongestants
  5. Xanthines (Caffeine, Theophylline)
  6. Amphotericin B
  7. Insulin excess
  8. Acute Glucose load
  9. Verapamil Overdose
  10. Chloroquine (Aralen) Overdose
  11. Barium or cesium Overdose

III. Causes: Hypokalemia due to Renal Potassium Loss

  1. See Renal Potassium Loss (Hyperkaluria)
  2. Hypertension (low renin and low Aldosterone)
    1. Exogenous Corticosteroids (e.g. Prednisone)
  3. Normotensive
    1. Hypomagnesemia
      1. See Hypomagnesemia Causes
    2. Diuretics (serum bicarbonate increased, Urine Chloride increased)
      1. Loop Diuretics
      2. Thiazide Diuretics
        1. Among the most common causes of Hypokalemia

IV. Causes: Extrarenal Potassium Loss

  1. See Extrarenal Potassium Loss
  2. Normal Acid-Base Status or Metabolic Alkalosis
    1. See Hypomagnesemia Causes
    2. High dose Penicillin
    3. Aminoglycosides
    4. Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
    5. Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation
  3. Metabolic Acidosis
    1. Laxatives
    2. Amphotericin

V. References

  1. Kim (2023) Am Fam Physician 107(1): 59-70 [PubMed]

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