II. Physiology
III. Mechanism
- Progesterones are used in many contraceptives (e.g. Oral Contraceptives, mini pill, IUD, Depo Provera, Implanon)
- Progestins inhibit Ovulation
- Progestins thicken Cervical Mucus, preventing sperm from reaching the ovum
- Synthetic Progestins have Endometrial Activity, but also androgenic, Estrogenic and anti-Estrogenic Activity
IV. Types
-
First Generation Progestin
- Norethindrone (e.g. Ortho-Novum)
- Norethynodrel (Enovid)
-
Second Generation Progestin
- Norethindrone Acetate (e.g. Loestrin)
- Ethynodiol Diacetate (e.g. Demulen)
-
Third Generation Progestin
- Levonorgestrel (e.g. Triphasil)
- dl-Norgestrel (e.g. Ovral)
-
Fourth Generation Progestin
- Desogestrel (e.g. Desogen)
- Gestodene
- Norgestimate (e.g. Ortho-Cyclen)
-
Pregnane Progestin
- Chlormadinone acetate
- Megestrol acetate
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
V. Adverse Effects: Hyperlipidemia
- Overall Effect
- Lowers HDL-2 to Total Cholesterol ratio
- Factors related to unfavorable HDL effects
- Higher Progestational Activity
- Lower Estrogen to Progestin ratio
- Progestins most adversely effecting lipid (androgen)
- Progestins with most favorable lipid effects
- Progestin only formulations (mini pill)
- Desogestrel
- Norethindrone (low dose)
VI. References
- Cerel-Suhl (1999) Am Fam Physician 60(7):2073 [PubMed]
- Speroff (1993) Obstet Gynecol 81:1034-47 [PubMed]
- Dickey (1998) Managing Contraceptive Pill Patients
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| progesterone (on 12/21/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing) | ||
| PROGESTERONE 100 MG CAPSULE | Generic | $0.25 each |
| PROGESTERONE 200 MG CAPSULE | Generic | $0.44 each |
| PROGESTERONE 500 MG/10 ML VIAL | Generic | $1.98 per ml |
Ontology: Progestins (C0033306)
| Definition (CHV) | a synthetic or natural hormone that mimics progesterone |
| Definition (CHV) | a synthetic or natural hormone that mimics progesterone |
| Definition (CHV) | a synthetic or natural hormone that mimics progesterone |
| Definition (CHV) | a synthetic or natural hormone that mimics progesterone |
| Definition (CHV) | a synthetic or natural hormone that mimics progesterone |
| Definition (CHV) | a synthetic or natural hormone that mimics progesterone |
| Definition (CHV) | a synthetic or natural hormone that mimics progesterone |
| Definition (CHV) | a synthetic or natural hormone that mimics progesterone |
| Definition (NCI) | Substances that produce effects similar to those of progesterone, the only natural progestogen. All other progestogens are synthetic and are often referred to as progestins. All progestogens have antiestrogenic and antigonadotropic properties. |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | Any natural or laboratory-made substance that has some or all of the biologic effects of progesterone, a female hormone. |
| Definition (CSP) | class of drugs which mimic progesterone by promoting gestation. |
| Definition (MSH) | Compounds that interact with PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of PROGESTERONE. Primary actions of progestins, including natural and synthetic steroids, are on the UTERUS and the MAMMARY GLAND in preparation for and in maintenance of PREGNANCY. |
| Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Hormone (T125) , Steroid (T110) |
| MSH | D011372 |
| SnomedCT | 283016001, 20249007, 116614001, 419430000 |
| LNC | LP31481-2, LP31663-5 |
| English | Gestagens, Progestagens, Progestogens, PROGESTINS, progestational hormones, progestins (medication), progestins, Synthetic Progestagen, [HS800] PROGESTINS, Progestational agents, Progestational hormones, progestagen, gestagen, progestogens, progestogen, gestagens, progestagens, Progestins, Progestogen (product), Progestational Hormones, Gestagenic Agents, Progestational Agents, Progestational Compounds, Progestagenic Agents, Progestogen product, Progestational hormone (substance), Progestin preparation (product), Progestin preparation, Progestogen preparation, progestin, progesterone agent, Progestin preparation, NOS, Progestogen preparation, NOS, Progestin preparation (substance), Progestogen (substance), Progestogen, Progestin, Progestational hormone, Progestagen |
| French | Médicaments progestatifs, Agents progestatifs, Hormones progestatives, Progestatifs, Progestines, Progestines synthétiques, Progestogènes |
| Swedish | Progestiner |
| Czech | gestageny, progestiny, progestogeny, hormony sekreční fáze menstruačního cyklu |
| Finnish | Progestiinit |
| Italian | Agenti progestageni, Progestine, Gestageni, Progestinici, Progestageni, Agenti gestageni, Agenti progestazionali, Composti progestazionali, Progestogeni, Ormoni progestazionali |
| Russian | PROGESTAGENY, PROGESTATIVNYE GORMONY SINTETICHESKIE, PROGESTATIVNYE GORMONY, PROGESTATIVNYKH GORMONOV ANALOGI, PROGESTAGENY SINTETICHESKIE, GESTAGENY, PROGESTINOV ANALOGI, PROGESTINY, GESTATINOV ANALOGI, PROGESTINY SINTETICHESKIE, ГЕСТАГЕНЫ, ГЕСТАТИНОВ АНАЛОГИ, ПРОГЕСТАГЕНЫ, ПРОГЕСТАГЕНЫ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЕ, ПРОГЕСТАТИВНЫЕ ГОРМОНЫ, ПРОГЕСТАТИВНЫЕ ГОРМОНЫ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЕ, ПРОГЕСТАТИВНЫХ ГОРМОНОВ АНАЛОГИ, ПРОГЕСТИНОВ АНАЛОГИ, ПРОГЕСТИНЫ, ПРОГЕСТИНЫ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЕ |
| Japanese | プロゲストーゲン, ゲスターゲン, プロゲスチン, ゲスターゲン類, 月経前期ホルモン |
| Spanish | preparado con progestágeno (producto), progestágeno, progestágeno (producto), preparado con progestágeno, Efecto Progestina, hormona progestacional (sustancia), hormona progestacional, preparado de progestina (producto), preparado de progestina (sustancia), preparado de progestina, preparado de progestágeno, Progestinas, Progestógenos |
| Polish | Progestageny |
| Portuguese | Efeito Progestina, Progestinas, Progestógenos |
| German | Gestagene Hormone, Gestagene, Progestine, Progestogene, Progestagene |
Ontology: Progesterone (C0033308)
| Definition (CHV) | a type of female sex hormone |
| Definition (CHV) | a type of female sex hormone |
| Definition (NCI) | Produced in the corpus luteum and by the placenta, as an antagonist of estrogens. Promotes proliferation of uterine mucosa and the implantation of the blastocyst, prevents further follicular development.(On-line Medical Dictionary) |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A type of hormone made by the body that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Progesterone can also be made in the laboratory. It may be used as a type of birth control and to treat menstrual disorders, infertility, symptoms of menopause, and other conditions. |
| Definition (NCI) | A synthetic form of the endogenous hormone progesterone. Progesterone binds to the progesterone receptor, resulting in dissociation of heat shock proteins, receptor phosphorylation, and transcription activation through direct or indirect interaction with transcription factors. This agent exerts inhibitory effects on estrogens by decreasing the number of estrogen receptors and increasing its metabolism to inactive metabolites. Progesterone induces secretory changes in the endometrium, decreases uterine contractility during pregnancy, and maintains pregnancy. (NCI04) |
| Definition (CSP) | principal progestational hormone, secreted by the corpus luteum, placenta, and in minute amounts by the adrenal cortex; it prepares the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum; it acts on the mammary glands and on the brain; it serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of sex steroids and adrenal corticosteroids. |
| Definition (MSH) | The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS. |
| Definition (PDQ) | A synthetic form of the endogenous hormone progesterone. Progesterone binds to the progesterone receptor, resulting in dissociation of heat shock proteins, receptor phosphorylation, and transcription activation through direct or indirect interaction with transcription factors. This agent exerts inhibitory effects on estrogens by decreasing the number of estrogen receptors and increasing its metabolism to inactive metabolites. Progesterone induces secretory changes in the endometrium, decreases uterine contractility during pregnancy, and maintains pregnancy. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=39059&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=39059&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C777" NCI Thesaurus) |
| Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Hormone (T125) , Steroid (T110) |
| MSH | D011374 |
| SnomedCT | 50318003, 16683002 |
| LNC | LP14041-5, MTHU003615 |
| English | Progesterone, Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, Therapeutic Progesterone, progesterone, 17alpha-Hydroxy-6alpha-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, progestrogens progesterone, progesterone (medication), luteal hormone, PROGESTERONE, Progesterone [Chemical/Ingredient], progesterones, Corpus luteum hormone, Pregnenedione, Luteal hormone, Luteine, Pregnendione preparation, Progesterone preparation, Progesterone product, PRG - Progesterone, Progesterone (substance), Progesterone preparation (product), PRG, Progesterone preparation (substance), Delta4-pregnene-3,20-dione, Corpus Luteum Hormone |
| Swedish | Progesteron |
| Czech | progesteron, progestin |
| Finnish | Progesteroni |
| French | Prégnènedione, Progestérone |
| Russian | PROGESTERON, ПРОГЕСТЕРОН |
| Japanese | ルテウム, プロルトン, プロゲホルモン, プロゲステロン, プロジェステロン |
| Spanish | preparación con pregnendiona, preparado con progesterona (producto), progesterona (producto), preparado con progesterona, progesterona, preparación de pregnendiona, preparado de progesterona (producto), preparado de progesterona (sustancia), preparado de progesterona, progesterona (sustancia), Progesterona |
| Italian | Pregnenedione, Progesterone |
| Croatian | PROGESTERON |
| Polish | Progesteron |
| Norwegian | Gestagen, Progesteron |
| German | Progesteron |
| Portuguese | Progesterona |
