II. Indications for Recurrent Miscarriage evaluation
- Three consecutive Miscarriages
III. Causes (Idiopathic in up to 60% of cases)
- Recurrent first trimester pregnancy loss
- Chromosomal abnormality (5%)
- Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (15%)
- Septate Uterus
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (40%)
- Recurrent Second Trimester Pregnancy Loss
- Chromosomal abnormality (5%)
- Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (15%)
- Bicornuate Uterus
- Cervical incompetence (5%)
IV. Management
-
Preconception Counseling
- Folic Acid supplementation
- Rubella Vaccine
- Measures to be considered
- Low dose Aspirin
- Measures not found to be effective for prevention
- Lifestyle factors (e.g. strenuous activity)
- Progesterone
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
- Immunotherapy