II. Technique: Tissue Sampling
- Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)
- Core Needle Biopsy
- Biopsy with Needle Guidance (Image-Guided Biopsy)
- Biopsy of Palpable Mass
- Incisional Biopsy (Surgical Biopsy)
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
III. Types: Breast Cancer
- Ductal Carcinoma Type (Most common)
- Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
- Premalignant cell growth within the Breast duct cells
- Asymptomatic and found on Mammography
- High risk lesion increases risk of Breast Cancer 4 to 5 fold
- Diagnosed by biopsy and treated with surgical excision
- Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS, Noninfiltrating Intraductal Carcinoma)
- Accounts for 20% of new Breast Cancer diagnoses
- Breast duct cells with uncontrolled growth
- Basement membrane intact (no spread into surrounding Breast tissues)
- Typically asymptomatic and found on Mammography, but may be associated with Nipple Discharge
- Detected early, has a low risk of metastasis; delayed diagnosis is associated with invasive ductal carcinoma
- Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
- Cancer spread through wall of duct and into other Breast tissue
- Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
- Lobular Carcinoma
- Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)
- Not considered a cancer and biopsied lesion will not progress
- High risk for future Breast Cancer
- Lobular neoplasia
- Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)
IV. Types: Biomarkers
- Estrogen Receptors
- Progesterone Receptors
- ERBB2 Gene (previously HER2)
V. Grading: Breast Cancer
- Grade 1: Well Differentiated
- Grade 2: Moderately Differentiated
- Grade 3: Poorly Differentiated