II. Pathophysiology

  1. Karyotype is 46XY

III. Causes

  1. Testicular Dysgenesis
    1. Associated with degenerative renal disease
  2. Disorders of androgen synthesis
    1. Leydig cell hypoplasia
    2. Abnormal Cholesterol transport
    3. Deficiencies of steroidogenic Enzyme Activity
  3. Abnormal androgen receptor
  4. Maternal Estrogens or Progestins
  5. Eponymic syndromes
  6. Persistent Mullerian Duct syndromes
  7. Vanishing Testes Syndromes

IV. Signs

  1. External and internal genitalia are ambiguous
    1. Incompletely masculinized
  2. Gonads recognizable as Testes

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