II. Epidemiology
- Hemoglobin A1C may be important measure in non-diabetic
- Hemoglobin A1C associated mortality (contrast with <5)
- Relative Risk of Hemoglobin A1C 5.0 to 5.4
- All cause mortality: 1.41
- Cardiovascular mortality: 2.53
- Relative Risk of Hemoglobin A1C 5.4 to 6.9
- All cause mortality: 2.07
- Cardiovascular mortality: 2.46
- Relative Risk of Hemoglobin A1C 7.0 or higher
- All cause mortality: 2.64
- Cardiovascular mortality: 5.04
- References
- Relative Risk of Hemoglobin A1C 5.0 to 5.4
III. Background
- Glycosylated Hemoglobin is not equivalent to A1C
- Hemoglobin A1C is 70% total Glycosylated Hemoglobin
IV. Causes: Falsely lower Hemoglobin A1C
- Acute blood loss
- Chronic Liver Disease
- Splenomegaly
- Hemolytic Anemia
- HIV Antiretrovirals
- Pregnancy
- Vitamin E supplementation
- Vitamin C supplementation
V. Causes: Falsely higher Hemoglobin A1C
- Aplastic Anemia
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Renal Failure (Uremia)
- Splenectomy
- Chronic Alcohol Use Disorder
- Chronic Salicylate use
- Chronic Opioid use
VI. Causes: Falsely modified Hemoglobin A1C (variably affected)
VII. Interpretation: Approximating Serum Glucose from A1C
VIII. Interpretation: Correlation to Mean Serum Glucose
- Hemoglobin A1C: 5.5% represents mean Glucose of 100
- Hemoglobin A1C: 7.0% represents mean Glucose of 150
- Hemoglobin A1C: 8.0% represents mean Glucose of 180
- Hemoglobin A1C: 9.0% represents mean Glucose of 220
- Hemoglobin A1C: 10.0% represents mean Glucose of 250
- Hemoglobin A1C: 11.5% represents mean Glucose of 300
- Hemoglobin A1C: 13.0% represents mean Glucose of 350
IX. Interpretation: Fasting vs post-prandial Hyperglycemia
- Hemoglobin A1C <7.3%:
- Hemoglobin A1C 7.3-8.4%
- Hemoglobin A1C 8.5-9.2%
- Hemoglobin A1C 9.3-10.2%
- Hemoglobin A1C >10.2%
- References
X. Interpretation: Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
- Hemoglobin A1C <5.2%: No Diabetes Mellitus
- Test Sensitivity: 100%
- Hemoglobin A1C >6.5%: Diabetes Mellitus
- Test Specificity: 100%
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Related Studies
Concepts | Biologically Active Substance (T123) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) |
MSH | D006442 |
SnomedCT | 143080000, 165678002, 259689004 |
LNC | MTHU020323 |
English | Glycated Hemoglobins, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Hemoglobin, Glycosylated, Hemoglobins, Glycated, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylate hemoglobin, glycosylate haemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobins, glycated haemoglobin, glycosylated hb, glycated hemoglobin, glycosylated haemoglobin, hemoglobin glycated, Hemoglobin.glycated, Glycated haemoglobin, Glycated hemoglobin, Glycosylated Hb, Glycosylated haemoglobin, Glycosylated hemoglobin, Glycosylated hemoglobin (substance) |
French | Hémoglobine glyquée, Hémoglobine glycosylée, Glycohémoglobine |
Czech | glykosylovaný hemoglobin, glykovaný hemoglobin |
Croatian | HEMOGLOBIN, GLIKOZILIRANI, GLIKOZILIRANI HEMOGLOBIN |
Spanish | glucohemoglobina (sustancia), glucohemoglobina |
Ontology: Glycosylated hemoglobin A (C0019018)
Definition (MSH) | Minor hemoglobin components of human erythrocytes designated A1a, A1b, and A1c. Hemoglobin A1c is most important since its sugar moiety is glucose covalently bound to the terminal amino acid of the beta chain. Since normal glycohemoglobin concentrations exclude marked blood glucose fluctuations over the preceding three to four weeks, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is a more reliable index of the blood sugar average over a long period of time. |
Concepts | Biologically Active Substance (T123) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) |
MSH | D006442 |
SnomedCT | 33601001, 103232008, 259689004 |
LNC | LP16413-4, MTHU018890 |
English | Glycohemoglobin A, Glycosylated Hemoglobin A, Hb A1, Hb A1a+b, Hb A1c, HbA1, Hemoglobin A(1), Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Glycosylated hemoglobin A, HBA GLYCOSYLATED, HBA 01, HEMOGLOBIN AA 01, HB AC 01, Haemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, HbA>1c<, Hemoglobin A1c, HbA<sub>1c</sub>, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated [Chemical/Ingredient], hemoglobin a1c, hba1, hemoglobin a 1, glycosylated hemoglobin a, hb a1, hba1c, haemoglobin a1c, HbA<sub>1c</sub> (substance), HbA1c (substance), HbA>1c< (substance), HbA1 - Glycated haemoglobin, HbA1 - Glycated hemoglobin, Glycosylated haemoglobin A, Glycosylated hemoglobin A (substance) |
Swedish | Hemoglobin A, glykosylerat |
Spanish | HbA>1c< (sustancia), hemoglobina A1c, hemoglobina glicosilada A, HbA>1c<, HbA1c, HbA<sub>1c</sub>, HbA1c (sustancia), HbA<sub>1c</sub> (sustancia), hemoglobina glucosilada, hemoglobina glucosilada (sustancia), hemoglobina A glucosilada (sustancia), hemoglobina A glucosilada, Glucohemoglobina A, Hb A1c, HbA1, Hemoglobina A(1), Hemoglobina A Glicosilada, Hemoglobina A Glucosilada |
Czech | HbA1, hemoglobin A glykosylovaný, glykovaný hemoglobin HbA1, glykovaný hemoglobin HbA1c |
Finnish | Hemoglobiini A1c |
French | Hb A1, HbA1, Hémoglobine A(1), Hémoglobine A1c, Hb A1c, Hb A1a+b, Hémoglobine A glycosylée, Glycohémoglobine A, Hémoglobine glycosylée A1c, Hémoglobine A1 |
Italian | Hb A1a+b, Emoglobina A(1), Hb A1c, HbA1, Glicoemoglobina A, Hb A1, Emoglobina A glicosilata |
Russian | GLIKOGEMOGLOBIN A, GEMOGLOBIN A GLIKOZILIROVANNYI, GLIKOZILIROVANNYI GEMOGLOBIN A, GEMOGLOBIN A(1), HB A1C, HBA1, ГЕМОГЛОБИН A(1), ГЕМОГЛОБИН A ГЛИКОЗИЛИРОВАННЫЙ, ГЛИКОГЕМОГЛОБИН A, ГЛИКОЗИЛИРОВАННЫЙ ГЕМОГЛОБИН A |
German | HBA 01, HB AC 01, HÄMOGLOBIN A 01, Hb A1c, HbA1, Glycohämoglobin A, Glycosyliertes Hämoglobin A, Hämoglobin A(1), Hämoglobin A, glycosyliertes |
Polish | Glikohemoglobina A, Hemoglobina A glikowana, HbA1c, Hemoglobina glikowana HbA1c |
Japanese | HbA糖化, グリコシルヘモグロビンA, グリコシル化ヘモグロビンA, グリコヘモグロビンA, ヘモグロビンA1, 糖化血色素A, 血色素A-糖化, グリコヘモグロビン, ヘモグロビンA1c, 糖化HbA, 糖化ヘモグロビンA |
Croatian | GLIKOZILIRANI HEMOGLOBIN A, HEMOGLOBIN A, GLIKOZILIRANI |
Portuguese | Glicohemoglobina A, Hb A1c, HbA1, Hemoglobina A(1), Hemoglobina A Glicosilada |
Ontology: Hemoglobin A1c measurement (C0474680)
Concepts | Laboratory Procedure (T059) |
SnomedCT | 166902009, 144176003, 43396009 |
CPT | 83037, 83036 |
English | a1c hemoglobin testing, hemoglobin a1c test, a1c hemoglobin test, Hemoglobin A1C level, Haemoglobin A1c level, Haemoglobin A1c level (procedure), Hemoglobin A1c level, Hemoglobin A1c Test, Haemoglobin A1c measurement, HbA1c - Haemoglobin A1c level, HbA1c - Hemoglobin A1c level, Hemoglobin A1c measurement (procedure), Hemoglobin A1c measurement |
Spanish | medición de hemoglobina A1c (procedimiento), medición de hemoglobina A1c |