II. Causes: Hormonal Medications
- Antiandrogen Medications (e.g. Spironolactone, Ketoconazole, Finasteride)
- Danazol
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists
- Hormonal contraceptives
- Tamoxifen
III. Causes: Cardiovascular Medications
- Centrally acting sympatholytics (e.g. Clonidine)
- Peripherally acting sympatholytics (e.g. Guanadrel)
- Beta Blockers
- Spironolactone
- Methyldopa
- Digoxin
IV. Causes: Psychiatric medications
V. Causes: Drug Abuse
- Alcohol Abuse
- Opioids (Heroin abuse, Methadone)
- Marijuana abuse
- Tobacco Abuse
- Amphetamines
VI. Causes: Miscellaneous
- Anticholinergic Medications (including Antihistamines)
- H2 Receptor Blockers
- Phenytoin (Dilantin)