II. Background

  1. Variants below as seen on Peripheral Smear

III. Causes: Toxic granulation of Neutrophils and Metamyelocytes

IV. Causes: Atypical lymphocytes

  1. Characteristics
    1. Larger Lymphocytes with more cytoplasm
    2. Nuclei contain nucleoli
  2. Causes: Viral Infections
    1. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV, Mononucleosis)
    2. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
    3. COVID-19
    4. HIV Infection

V. Causes: Giant cytoplasmic granules

VI. Causes: Bilobed Neutrophils

  1. Pelger-Huet anomaly

VII. Causes: Hypersegmented Neutrophils

VIII. Causes: Myeloblasts, Promyelocytes, Myelocytes

  1. Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
  2. Acute promyelocytic Leukemia
  3. Chronic myelocytic Leukemia
  4. Myelofibrosis
  5. Polycythemia Vera

IX. Causes: Large Granular Lymphocytes

  1. T-gamma lymphoproliferative disease
    1. Natural Killer Cells

XI. Plasmablasts

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Related Studies

Ontology: Promyelocytes (C0033416)

Definition (NCI) A cell of the bone marrow that is derived from myeloblasts and will give rise to myelocytes, precursors of myeloid cells and neutrophil granulocytes.
Definition (MSH) The cells in the granulocytic series that are derived from myeloblasts and that are the earliest cells of the myelocyte stage.
Concepts Cell (T025)
MSH D042381
SnomedCT 43446009
LNC LP15084-4, MTHU012804
French Promyélocyte, Progranulocytes, Promyélocytes
English Promyelocytes, promyelocytes, promyelocyte, Premyelocytes, Premyelocyte, Progranulocytes, Promyelocyte, Progranulocyte, Promyelocyte (cell), Progranulocyte, NOS, Promyelocyte, NOS
Czech promyelocyty
Portuguese Promielócitos
Spanish Promielocitos, progranulocito, promielocito (célula), promielocito
German Progranulozyten, Promyelozyten
Norwegian Premyelocytter, Progranulocytter, Promyelocytter
Dutch Promyelocyten

Ontology: Atypical lymphocyte (C0221277)

Concepts Cell (T025)
SnomedCT 52641009, 270921005
LNC LP19572-4, MTHU013617
English Atypical lymphocyte, LYMPHOCYTES ATYPICAL, Reactive lymphocyte, Lymphocytes atypical, atypical lymphocyte, atypical lymphocytes, reactive lymphocyte, lymphocytes reactive, lymphocyte atypical, Atypical lymphocytes (cell), Lymphocytes.abnormal, Atypical Lymphocyte, Atypical lymphocytes, Atypical lymphocyte (morphologic abnormality), Atypical lymphocyte (cell), Atypical lymphocytes (morphologic abnormality), Abnormal Lymphocyte, Reactive Lymphocyte
Dutch atypische lymfocyten, lymfocyten atypisch
French Lymphocytes atypiques, LYMPHOCYTES ATYPIQUES
German atypische Lymphozyten, Lymphozyten atypisch, LYMPHOZYTEN ATYPISCH
Italian Linfociti atipici
Portuguese Linfócitos atípicos, LINFOCITOS ATIPICOS
Spanish Linfocitos atípicos, LINFOCITOS ATIPICOS, linfocito atípico (anomalía morfológica), linfocito atípico, linfocito reactivo (anomalía morfológica), linfocito reactivo
Japanese 異型リンパ球, イケイリンパキュウ
Czech Atypické lymfocyty
Hungarian Atípusos limfociták, Limfociták atípusos

Ontology: lymphoblast (C0229613)

Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) A lymphocyte that has gotten larger after being stimulated by an antigen. Lymphoblast also refers to an immature cell that can develop into a mature lymphocyte.
Definition (NCI) An immature lymphocyte that has enlarged in response to antigenic stimulation.
Definition (CSP) a morphologically immature lymphocyte, once thought to represent an early stage in lymphocyte development but now known to be an activated lymphocyte that has been transformed in response to antigenic stimulation.
Concepts Cell (T025)
SnomedCT 15433008
LNC LP31546-2, LP172715-7, MTHU046401, MTHU015669
English lymphoblasts, Lymphoblasts, lymphoblastic, Lymphoblast, Lymphocytoblast, Lymphoblast (cell), lymphoblast
Spanish linfoblasto (célula), linfoblasto, linfocitoblasto

Ontology: myeloblast (C0229633)

Definition (NCI) An immature cell that represents the first stage in the granulocytic series of hematopoiesis. It is found in bone marrow and differentiates into a promyelocyte. Its nucleus is composed of very fine, evenly distributed chromatin with 2-5 nucleoli. The cytoplasm is basophilic and non-granular.
Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) Refers to myeloblasts (a type of immature cell that forms in the bone marrow).
Concepts Cell (T025)
MSH D042381
SnomedCT 15622002
LNC LP15076-0, MTHU014308
French Myéloblaste, Myéloblastes
Czech myeloblasty
Portuguese Mieloblastos
Spanish Mieloblastos, mieloblasto (célula), mieloblasto
German Myeloblasten
English myeloblasts, myeloblastic, Myeloblast, Myeloblast (cell), myeloblast, Myeloblasts
Norwegian Myeloblast, Myeloblaster
Dutch Myeloblasten

Ontology: Plasmablast (cell) (C0229657)

Concepts Cell (T025)
SnomedCT 2579009
English Plasmablast (cell), Plasmablast
Spanish plasmoblasto (célula), plasmoblasto

Ontology: Myelocytes (C0369715)

Definition (NCI) A cell derived from a promyelocyte. It differentiates into a metamyelocyte. It has a diameter of 10-18 micrometer, and an oval or round nucleus with finely granulated chromatin.
Definition (CSP) precursor in the granulocytic series; in this stage, differentiation into specific cytoplasmic granules has begun.
Concepts Cell (T025)
MSH D042381
SnomedCT 165545002, 127915008
LNC LP15077-8, MTHU014310
French Myélocyte, Myélocytes
English Myelocytes, myelocyte, myelocytes, Myelocyte, Myelocyte (cell)
German Myelozyten
Norwegian Myelocytter
Spanish mielocito (célula), mielocito

Ontology: Hypersegmented neutrophil (C0483202)

Concepts Cell or Molecular Dysfunction (T049)
SnomedCT 127564008
LNC LP17593-2, MTHU013775, LA11188-2
English hypersegmented neutrophil, hypersegmented neutrophils, Hypersegmented neutrophils, Neutrophils.hypersegmented, Hypersegmented neutrophil (morphologic abnormality), Hypersegmented neutrophil, Hypersegmented neutrophil (cell)
Spanish neutrófilo hipersegmentado (anomalía morfológica), neutrófilo hipersegmentado (célula), neutrófilo hipersegmentado