II. Epidemiology
- Patients report musculoskeletal symptoms: 75%
- Severe Rheumatologic Disease is rare HIV complication
III. Associated Conditions: HIV Associated Rheumatic Conditions
-
Osteoporosis
- Reduced Bone Mineral Density and Increased Fracture risk by 15-50%
- Contributing factors include lower body weight, chronic inflammation, low CD4 Counts, Tobacco Abuse
- Osteomalacia and Vitamin D Deficiency is found in 80% of patients with HIV Infection
-
Antiretroviral therapy alone is associated with a 2-6% decrease in Bone Mineral Density in first 2 years of use
- Highest risk with TDF, Efavirenz, boosted Protease Inhibitors
- Brown (2015) Clin Infect Dis 60(8): 1242-51 [PubMed]
- Other conditions
- Myalgias
- Myopathies
- Myositis
- Arthralgias
- Septic Arthritis
- Reiter's Syndrome
- Spondyloarthropathy
- Psoriatic Arthritis
- Reactive Arthritis
- Sjogren's Syndrome
- Vasculitis
- Diffuse infiltrative Lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS)