II. Physiology
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
- GABA is a key inhibitory Neurotransmitter of the Central Nervous System
- GABA is synthesized from the Amino AcidGlutamate, an important excitatory Neurotransmitter
- Facilitated by the enzyme Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase
- GABA Receptor
- GABA Agonists bind GABA Receptors, resulting in inhibition
- GABA Receptor binding triggers chloride channel opening, with secondary chloride influx into the Neuron
- Chloride influx hyperpolarizes the Neuron (inhibits new Action Potentials from forming)
- Decreases the Neurons responsiveness to excitatory Neurotransmitters
- GABA Receptors are down regulated in chronic Alcohol Abuse
- GABA A Receptors
- Ligand gated ion channels (ionotropic receptors) are fast responding receptors
- Agonists: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Propofol, Etomidate, Topiramate, Carbamates
- Antagonists: Flumazenil
- GABA B Receptors
- G-Protein coupled receptors (metabotropic receptors) are slow responding receptors
- Agonists: Baclofen, Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
- GABA Agonists bind GABA Receptors, resulting in inhibition
III. Resources
- GABA Receptor (Wikipedia)
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| Definition (CHV) | a chemical substance released by nerves in the brain |
| Definition (CHV) | a chemical substance released by nerves in the brain |
| Definition (CHV) | a chemical substance released by nerves in the brain |
| Definition (CHV) | a chemical substance released by nerves in the brain |
| Definition (NCI) | A naturally occurring neurotransmitter with central nervous system (CNS) inhibitory activity. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), converted from the principal excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain, plays a role in regulating neuronal excitability by binding to its receptors, GABA-A and GABA-B, and thereby causing ion channel opening, hyperpolarization and eventually inhibition of neurotransmission. |
| Definition (MSH) | The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. |
| Concepts | Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine (T124) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) |
| MSH | D005680 |
| SnomedCT | 259100002 |
| English | 4-Aminobutyric Acid, Aminalon, Aminalone, GABA, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, 4 Aminobutyric Acid, gamma Aminobutyric Acid, 4 Aminobutanoic Acid, 4-Aminobutanoic Acid, Butanoic acid, 4-amino-, AMINOBUTYRIC ACID 04, Piperidic Acid, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [Chemical/Ingredient], gamma aminobutyric acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), aminalon, .GAMMA.-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID, gamma-aminobutyric acid, .gamma.-aminobutyric Acid, .gamma.-aminobutyric acid, .Gamma.-Aminobutyric Acid, GABA - Gamma-aminobutyric acid, Gamma-aminobutyric acid, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (substance), Gamma Aminobutyric Acid |
| Swedish | gamma-Aminosmörsyra |
| Czech | GABA, kyselina gama-aminomáselná |
| Spanish | Ácido 4-Aminobutírico, Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico, Ácido gammaaminobutírico, ácido gamma-aminobutírico (sustancia), ácido gamma-aminobutírico, GABA |
| Finnish | Gamma-aminovoihappo |
| Italian | Aminalone, Aminalon, Acido 4-aminobutanoico, Acido gamma aminobutirrico, Acido 4-aminobutirrico, GABA |
| Russian | GAMMA-AMINOMASLIANAIA KISLOTA, 4-AMINOMASLIANAIA KISLOTA, AMINALON, GAMMALON, GAMK, 4-АМИНОМАСЛЯНАЯ КИСЛОТА, АМИНАЛОН, ГАМК, ГАММА-АМИНОМАСЛЯНАЯ КИСЛОТА, ГАММАЛОН |
| German | AMINOBUTTERSÄURE 04, GABA, 4-Aminobuttersäure, Gamma-Aminobuttersäure |
| Croatian | GABA, GAMAAMINOMASLAČNA KISELINA |
| French | Acide 4-amino-butyrique, Acide gamma-amino-butyrique, Acide gamma-aminobutyrique, GABA |
| Polish | Kwas 4-aminomasłowy, GABA, Kwas gamma-aminomasłowy |
| Japanese | 4-アミノブチル酸, ガンマアミノ酪酸, ギャバ, γ-アミノ酪酸, ガンマ-アミノ酪酸 |
| Portuguese | GABA, Ácido 4-Aminobutírico, Ácido gama-Aminobutírico |
Ontology: GABA-A Receptor (C0034807)
| Definition (MSH) | Cell surface proteins which bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and contain an integral membrane chloride channel. Each receptor is assembled as a pentamer from a pool of at least 19 different possible subunits. The receptors belong to a superfamily that share a common CYSTEINE loop. |
| Concepts | Receptor (T192) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) |
| MSH | D011963 |
| SnomedCT | 22723006 |
| English | Benzodiazepine-GABA Receptor, Benzodiazepine-Gaba Receptors, GABA(A) Receptor, GABA-Benzodiazepine Receptor, GABA-Benzodiazepine Receptors, Muscimol Receptor, Muscimol Receptors, Receptor, Benzodiazepine-GABA, Receptor, GABA-Benzodiazepine, Receptor, Muscimol, Receptors, Benzodiazepine GABA, Receptors, Benzodiazepine-GABA, Receptors, GABA Benzodiazepine, Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine, Receptors, Muscimol, GABA-A Receptor, GABA-A Receptors, Receptors, GABA-A, Benzodiazepine GABA Receptor, Benzodiazepine Gaba Receptors, GABA A Receptor, GABA A Receptors, GABA Benzodiazepine Receptor, GABA Benzodiazepine Receptors, Receptor, GABA-A, Receptors, GABA A, GABA-benzodiazepine receptor (substance), Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-benzodiazepine receptor, RECEPT MUSCIMOL, RECEPT GABA BENZODIAZEPINE, GABA BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPT, RECEPT BENZODIAZEPINE GABA, RECEPT GABA A, MUSCIMOL RECEPT, GABA A RECEPT, GABA-benzodiazepine receptor site, Receptors, GABA-A [Chemical/Ingredient], GABA A receptor, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Subtype A Receptors, gamma Aminobutyric Acid Subtype A Receptors, gaba-a receptor, gaba a receptors, Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-benzodiazepine receptor (substance), Gamma-amino butyric acid-benzodiazepine receptor, Gamma-amino butyric acid-benzodiazepine receptor (substance), GABA-benzodiazepine receptor |
| Swedish | GABA-A-receptorer |
| Spanish | receptor de GABA - benzodiazepinas (sustancia), receptor de GABA - benzodiazepinas, receptor de ácido gamma-aminobutírico y benzodiazepina, receptor de GABA y benzodiazepina, receptor de ácido gamma-aminobutírico y benzodiazepina (sustancia), receptor de ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA) - benzodiazepinas (sustancia), receptor de ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA) - benzodiazepinas, Receptores de GABA-A, Receptores GABA-A, Receptores de Benzodiazepina-GABA, Receptores de GABAbenzodiazepina, Receptores de Muscimol, Receptores GABA-Benzodiazepina |
| Czech | receptory GABA-A |
| Finnish | GABA-A-reseptorit |
| Italian | Recettore del muscimolo, Recettore GABA-A, Recettori GABA-A, Recettore GABA(A), Recettore GABA-benzodiazepine, Recettori del muscimolo, Recettori GABA-benzodiazepine |
| Russian | RETSEPTORY GAMK-A, BENZODIAZEPINA-GAMK RETSEPTORY, GAMK-A RETSEPTORY, RETSEPTORY BENZODIAZEPINA-GAMK, RETSEPTORY GAMK-BENZODIAZEPINOVYE, RETSEPTORY MUSTSIMOLA, RETSEPTORY DIAZEPAMA, RETSEPTORY BENZODIAZEPINOVYE, БЕНЗОДИАЗЕПИНА-ГАМК РЕЦЕПТОРЫ, ГАМК-A РЕЦЕПТОРЫ, РЕЦЕПТОРЫ БЕНЗОДИАЗЕПИНА-ГАМК, РЕЦЕПТОРЫ БЕНЗОДИАЗЕПИНОВЫЕ, РЕЦЕПТОРЫ ГАМК-A, РЕЦЕПТОРЫ ГАМК-БЕНЗОДИАЗЕПИНОВЫЕ, РЕЦЕПТОРЫ ДИАЗЕПАМА, РЕЦЕПТОРЫ МУСЦИМОЛА |
| Japanese | ムシモール受容体, GABA-A受容体, ベンゾジアゼピンGABA受容体, GABA-Aレセプター, 受容体-GABA-ベンゾジアゼピン, ベンゾジアゼピン-GABA受容体, ベンゾジアゼピン受容体, 受容体-ベンゾジアゼピン, GABAベンゾジアゼピン受容体, ジアゼパム受容体, GABA-ベンゾジアゼピン受容体 |
| Croatian | RECEPTORI, GABA-A |
| French | Récepteurs au GABAA, Récepteurs du muscimol, Récepteurs du GABAA, Récepteurs GABAA, Récepteurs du GABA-A, Récepteur GABA-A, Récepteur GABA-benzodiazépines, Récepteurs GABA-A, Récepteurs au muscimol, Récepteurs au GABA-A, Récepteurs-canaux GABA-A |
| Polish | Receptory GABA-A, Receptory kwasu gamma aminomasłowego, Receptory muscimolu, Receptory diazepamu, Receptory GABA-benzodiazepiny |
| Portuguese | Receptores de Benzodiazepina-GABA, Receptores GABA-A, Receptores de GABA-A, Receptores de GABA-Benzodiazepina, Receptores de Muscimol |
| German | Benzodiazepin-Gaba-Rezeptoren, GABA-A-Rezeptoren, Rezeptoren, Benzodiazepin-GABA-, Rezeptoren, GABA-A-, Rezeptoren, GABA-Benzodiazepin-, Rezeptoren, Muscimol- |
Ontology: GABA-B Receptor (C0052887)
| Definition (MSH) | A subset of GABA RECEPTORS that signal through their interaction with HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS. |
| Concepts | Receptor (T192) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) |
| MSH | D018080 |
| English | Baclofen Receptor, Baclofen Receptors, Receptor, Baclofen, GABA-B Receptor, Receptors, Baclofen, GABA-B Receptors, Receptors, GABA-B, GABA B Receptor, GABA B Receptors, Receptor, GABA-B, Receptors, GABA B, RECEPT BACLOFEN, GABA B RECEPT, RECEPT GABA B, BACLOFEN RECEPT, Receptors, GABA-B [Chemical/Ingredient], gaba b receptor, gaba-b receptors |
| Swedish | GABA-B-receptorer |
| Czech | receptory GABA-B |
| Finnish | GABA-B-reseptorit |
| Italian | Recettori GABA-B, Recettore GABA-B |
| Russian | GAMK-B RETSEPTORY, BAKLOFENA RETSEPTORY, RETSEPTORY GAMK-B, БАКЛОФЕНА РЕЦЕПТОРЫ, ГАМК-B РЕЦЕПТОРЫ, РЕЦЕПТОРЫ ГАМК-B |
| French | Récepteurs GABA-B liés aux protéines G, Récepteur GABA-B, Récepteurs au GABA-B, Récepteurs GABA baclofène, Récepteurs GABA de type B, Récepteurs GABAB, Récepteurs au GABAB, Récepteurs GABA-B |
| Polish | Receptory baklofenu, Receptory GABA-B |
| Japanese | GABA-B受容体, バクロフェン受容体, GABA-Bレセプター, 受容体-GABA-B, GABAB受容体, 受容体-GABAB, 受容体-バクロフェン |
| Spanish | Receptores GABA-B, Receptores de GABA-B, Receptores de Baclofeno |
| Portuguese | Receptores GABA-B, Receptores de Baclofeno, Receptores de GABA-B |
| German | Baclofen-Rezeptoren, GABA-B-Rezeptoren, Rezeptoren, GABA-B- |
Ontology: GABA Receptor (C0206518)
| Definition (MSH) | Cell-surface proteins that bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID with high affinity and trigger changes that influence the behavior of cells. GABA-A receptors control chloride channels formed by the receptor complex itself. They are blocked by bicuculline and usually have modulatory sites sensitive to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. GABA-B receptors act through G-proteins on several effector systems, are insensitive to bicuculline, and have a high affinity for L-baclofen. |
| Definition (CSP) | regulate a family of transmembrane chloride channels such that binding of GABA or its analogs permits increased chloride influx, membrane hyperpolarization, and inhibition of postsynaptic electrical activity. |
| Concepts | Receptor (T192) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) |
| MSH | D018079 |
| English | GABA Receptor, GABA Receptors, gamma Aminobutyric Acid Receptors, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors, Receptor, GABA, Receptor, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Receptors, GABA, Receptors, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, gamma Aminobutyric Acid Receptor, GABA receptor, GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPT, RECEPT GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID, RECEPT GABA, GABA RECEPT, GABA receptors, Receptors, GABA [Chemical/Ingredient], acid gamma aminobutyric receptors, gaba receptors, gaba receptor, Receptors, gamma Aminobutyric Acid, GABA--Receptors |
| Swedish | GABA-receptorer |
| Czech | receptory GABA |
| Finnish | GABA-reseptorit |
| Italian | Recettori GABA, Recettori dell'acido gamma amino butirrico, Recettore GABA, Recettore dell'acido gamma amino butirrico |
| Russian | RETSEPTORY GAMMA-AMINOMASLIANOI KISLOTY, RETSEPTORY GAMK, GAMK RETSEPTORY, GAMMA-AMINOMASLIANOI KISLOTY RETSEPTORY, ГАМК РЕЦЕПТОРЫ, ГАММА-АМИНОМАСЛЯНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ РЕЦЕПТОРЫ, РЕЦЕПТОРЫ ГАМК, РЕЦЕПТОРЫ ГАММА-АМИНОМАСЛЯНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ |
| Croatian | Not Translated[Receptors, GABA] |
| French | Récepteur GABA, Récepteurs à l'acide gamma-aminobutyrique, Récepteur à l'acide gamma-aminobutyrique, Récepteurs à l'acide gamma-amino-butyrique, Récepteurs GABA |
| Polish | Receptory kwasu gamma-aminomasłowego, Receptory GABA |
| Japanese | GABA受容体, ガンマ-アミノ酪酸受容体, γ-アミノ酪酸受容体, ガンマ-アミノ酪酸レセプター, 受容体-GABA |
| Spanish | Receptores de GABA, Receptores del Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico, Receptores GABA |
| Portuguese | Receptores GABA, Receptores de GABA, Receptores do Ácido gama-Aminobutírico |
| German | GABA-Rezeptoren, Rezeptoren, GABA-, Gamma-Aminobuttersäure-Rezeptoren, Rezeptoren, Gamma-Aminobuttersäure- |
