II. Physiology
- Vitamin B6 refers to a group of picolines, water-soluble B Vitamins: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, and Pyridoxamine
- Vitamin B6 is converted to Pyridoxal Phosphate (PyrP)
- Pyridoxal Phosphate is an important coenzyme, a Cofactor for more than 100 enzymes (esp. Amino Acid synthesis)
- Amino Acid synthesis (including all transamination, in which it is a Cofactor for all transaminases)
- Alanine (and 2-ketoglutarate) are synthesized from pyruvate and Glutamate via PyrP assisted enzyme
- Glutamate (and oxaloacetate) are synthesized from 2-ketoglutarate and Aspartate via PyrP assisted enzyme
- Histamine is sythesized from Histamine via PyrP assisted enzyme
- Cystathionine is sythesized from Homocysteine and Serine via PyrP assisted enzyme
- Neurotransmitter synthesis (e.g. Serotonin, Norepinephrine, GABA)
- GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) is synthesized from Glutamate
- Dopamine is synthesized from Levodopa
- Sphinglipid synthesis
- Glycogen synthesis
- Aminolevulinic Acid
- Amino Acid synthesis (including all transamination, in which it is a Cofactor for all transaminases)
- Metabolism
- Vitamin B6 degrades to pyridoxic acid which is renally excreted
III. Preparations: Food Sources
- Meat
- Poultry
- Fish
- Bananas
- Bran
- Nuts
- Whole-grain bread
- Cereals
- Soybeans
- Vegetables
IV. Causes: Vitamin B6 Deficiency
- Medication Causes of Vitamin B6 Deficiency
- Signs of Vitamin B6 Deficiency
- Glossitis
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Dementia
- Niacin Deficiency
- Pyridoxine facilitates Tryptophan conversion to Niacin
- Pyridoxine deficiency may result in Niacin Deficiency
V. Efficacy: Potential benefit of Vitamin B6
- Effective in Hyperemesis
- May lower Coronary Artery Disease risk
- Based on retrospective studies
- Higher Vitamin B6 intake associated with lower Homocysteine
- Rimm (1998) JAMA 279:359 [PubMed]
VI. Resources
- Vitamin B6 (Harvard School of Public Health)
- Vitamin B6 (Wikipedia)
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| Definition (MSH) | The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. |
| Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) , Vitamin (T127) |
| MSH | D011730 |
| SnomedCT | 430926008 |
| LNC | LP28588-9, MTHU014350 |
| English | Pyridoxal, 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-, Pyridoxal (substance), 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-, 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxaldehyde, Pyridoxaldehyde, 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-formyl-5-hydroxymethylpyridine, 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde, Pyridoxal [Chemical/Ingredient], pyridoxal, PYRIDOXAL |
| Swedish | Pyridoxal |
| Czech | pyridoxal |
| Finnish | Pyridoksaali |
| Russian | PIRIDOKSAL', ПИРИДОКСАЛЬ |
| Spanish | piridoxal (sustancia), piridoxal, Piridoxal |
| Polish | Pirydoksal |
| Norwegian | Not Translated[Pyridoxal] |
| French | Pyridoxal |
| German | Pyridoxal |
| Italian | Piridoxal |
| Portuguese | Piridoxal |
Ontology: Pyridoxal Phosphate (C0034266)
| Definition (MSH) | This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE). |
| Concepts | Organic Chemical (T109) , Vitamin (T127) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
| MSH | D011732 |
| SnomedCT | 424360008, 259663004, 40869001 |
| LNC | LP28587-1, MTHU014340 |
| English | Phosphate, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxal 5 Phosphate, Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate, Pyridoxal P, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Pyridoxal-P, 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-((phosphonooxy)methyl)-, PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE, Pyridoxal phosphate (product), Pyridoxal 5-phosphate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate (medication), pyridoxal 5-phosphate, pyridoxal + 5 phosphate, vitamins pyridoxal + 5 phosphate, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, Pyridoxal Phosphate [Chemical/Ingredient], 5 phosphate pyridoxal, pyridoxal 5 phosphate, PYRIDOXAL 5-PHOSPHATE, pyridoxal phosphate, PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE, Pyridoxal phosphate, Pyridoxal phosphate (substance) |
| Swedish | Pyridoxalfosfat |
| Spanish | piridoxal 5-fosfato, fosfato de piridoxal (producto), fosfato de piridoxal (sustancia), fosfato de piridoxal, Fosfato de Piridoxal |
| Czech | pyridoxalfosfát |
| Finnish | Pyridoksaalifosfaatti |
| Russian | PIRIDOKSAL'FOSFAT, ПИРИДОКСАЛЬФОСФАТ |
| Polish | Ester fosforowy pirydoksalu |
| Japanese | コトランスアミナーゼ, ピリドキサール5'-リン酸, ピリドキサールリン酸, ピリドキサールりん酸, リン酸ピリドキサール |
| Norwegian | Pyridoxal 5-fosfat, Pyridoxalfosfat, Pyridoksalfosfat, Pyridoksal 5-fosfat, Pyridoxal-P |
| French | Phosphate de pyridoxal, Pyridoxal phosphate |
| German | Pyridoxalphosphat |
| Italian | Piridossale fosfato |
| Portuguese | Fosfato de Piridoxal |
Ontology: Pyridoxamine (C0034268)
| Definition (MSH) | The 4-aminomethyl form of VITAMIN B 6. During transamination of amino acids, PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate. |
| Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) , Vitamin (T127) |
| MSH | D011733 |
| SnomedCT | 430632000, 259662009, 40869001 |
| English | Pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine, 3-Pyridinemethanol, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, Pyridoxamine (substance), Pyridoxamine [Chemical/Ingredient] |
| Swedish | Pyridoxamin |
| Czech | pyridoxamin |
| Finnish | Pyridoksamiini |
| Russian | PIRIDOKSAMINFOSFAT, PIRIDOKSAMIN, ПИРИДОКСАМИН, ПИРИДОКСАМИНФОСФАТ |
| Spanish | piridoxamina, piridoxamina (sustancia), Piridoxamina |
| Polish | Pirydoksamina |
| French | Pyridoxamine |
| German | Pyridoxamin |
| Italian | Piridossamina |
| Portuguese | Piridoxamina |
Ontology: pyridoxine (C0034272)
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A nutrient in the vitamin B complex that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy. Pyridoxine helps keep nerves and skin healthy, fight infections, keep blood sugar levels normal, produce red blood cells, and some enzymes work properly. Pyridoxine is a group of related compounds (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine) found in cereals, beans, peas, nuts, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and bananas. It is water-soluble (can dissolve in water). Not enough pyridoxine can cause mouth and tongue sores and nervous disorders. Pyridoxine is being studied in the prevention of hand-foot syndrome (a disorder caused by certain anticancer drugs and marked by pain, swelling, numbness, tingling, or redness of the hands or feet). |
| Definition (MSH) | The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). |
| Concepts | Organic Chemical (T109) , Vitamin (T127) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
| MSH | D011736 |
| SnomedCT | 259662009, 430469009, 36944009, 40869001 |
| LNC | LP32568-5, LP15842-5, MTHU012245 |
| English | Pyridoxine, Pyridoxol, 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, pyridoxol, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), Pyridoxine (substance), Pyridoxine [Chemical/Ingredient], PYRIDOXINE, pyridoxin, Pyridoxin, pyridoxine (vit B6), Pyridoxine preparation, Pyridoxine preparation (product), Pyridoxine preparation (substance), pyridoxine |
| Swedish | Pyridoxin |
| Czech | vitamin B6, pyridoxin |
| Finnish | Pyridoksiini |
| Russian | PIRIDOKSIN, ПИРИДОКСИН |
| Japanese | ピリドキソール, ピリドキシン, アデルミン |
| Spanish | piridoxina, piridoxina (sustancia), preparado con piridoxina (producto), piridoxina (producto), preparado con piridoxina, preparado de piridoxina (sustancia), Piridoxina |
| Italian | Piridossolo, Piridossina |
| Polish | Adermina, Pirydoksyna |
| French | Adermine, Pyridoxine |
| German | Pyridoxin |
| Portuguese | Piridoxina |
Ontology: Vitamin B6 (C0087162)
| Definition (NCI) | A group of water-soluble vitamins essential for metabolism and normal physiological functions. B6 vitamins, including pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine, are converted in vivo to pyridoxal phosphate, a cofactor necessary for the synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, and sphingolipids. More than 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism require vitamin B6 as a cofactor. Vitamin B6 is essential to red blood cell, nervous system, and immune systems functions and helps maintain normal blood glucose levels. Vitamin B6 is found in a wide variety of foods including cereals, beans, meat, poultry, fish, and some fruits and vegetables. (NCI04) |
| Definition (NCI_CRCH) | Class of water-soluble vitamins that are coenzymes in the metabolism of amino acids, glycogen, and sphingoid bases. (DRI) |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A nutrient in the vitamin B complex that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy. Vitamin B6 helps keep nerves and skin healthy, fight infections, keep blood sugar levels normal, produce red blood cells, and some enzymes work properly. Vitamin B6 is a group of related compounds (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine) found in cereals, beans, peas, nuts, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and bananas. It is water-soluble (can dissolve in water). Not enough vitamin B6 can cause mouth and tongue sores and nervous disorders. Vitamin B6 is being studied in the prevention of hand-foot syndrome (a disorder caused by certain anticancer drugs and marked by pain, swelling, numbness, tingling, or redness of the hands or feet). |
| Definition (MSH) | VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine. |
| Definition (CSP) | group of water soluble B vitamins based on a polyhydroxy substituted pyridine structure, whose phosphate derivatives are important coenzymes in aminoacid metabolism. |
| Concepts | Organic Chemical (T109) , Vitamin (T127) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
| MSH | D025101 |
| SnomedCT | 19315007, 40869001, 259662009, 430469009, 36944009 |
| LNC | LP31694-0 |
| English | Vitamin B 6, Vitamin B6, vitamin B6, Vitamin B6 (substance) [Ambiguous], Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> (substance) [Ambiguous], Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> preparation, vitamin-B6, B6 vitamin, VITAMIN B A 06, vitamin B6 (medication), Vitamin B>6<, Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, Vitamin B 6 [Chemical/Ingredient], vit b6, Vitamin B>6< (substance), Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> (substance), Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B6 preparation, Vitamin B>6< preparation, Vitamin B6 (substance), VIT-B6, Vitamin B>6< (substance) [Ambiguous], VIT B6, VITAMIN B6 |
| Swedish | Vitamin B6 |
| Czech | vitamin B 6 |
| Finnish | B6-vitamiini |
| Russian | VITAMIN B 6, VITAMIN B6, ВИТАМИН B 6, ВИТАМИН B6 |
| Spanish | vitamina B6 (concepto no activo), vitamina B<sub>6</sub>, vitamina B<sub>6</sub> (concepto no activo), preparado con vitamina B<sub>6</sub>, preparado con vitamina B>6<, preparado con vitamina B6, vitamina B>6< (sustancia), vitamina B<sub>6</sub> (sustancia), Vitamina B6, vitamina B6 (sustancia), vitamina B6, vitamina B>6< (concepto no activo), vitamina B>6<, Vitamina B 6 |
| German | VITAMIN B A 06, Vitamin B6 |
| Polish | Witamina B6 |
| Japanese | ビタミンB6, アクタミン B6 |
| Norwegian | Not Translated[Vitamin B 6] |
| Portuguese | Vitamina B6, Vitamina B 6 |
| French | Vitamine B6 |
| Italian | Vitamina B6 |
