Vitamin Deficiency

Aka: Vitamin Deficiency

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II. Background

  1. Human body requires more than 40 essential nutrients it cannot synthesize
  2. Most nutrients are supplied in a typical well-rounded U.S. diet
  3. However, dietary restrictions (e.g. vegan), disease states and medications can result in deficiencies
    1. Vitamin Deficiency presentations can have subtle and vague presentations making diagnosis challenging

III. Associated Conditions: B Vitamin Deficiency States

  1. Vitamin B1 Deficiency (Thiamine deficiency, Beriberi or Wernicke's Encephalopathy)
    1. Ataxia, Confusion, Ophthalmoplegia (lateral Gaze Palsy)
  2. Vitamin B2 Deficiency (Riboflavin Deficiency)
    1. Angular Cheilitis, Gingivitis, photophobia
  3. Vitamin B3 Deficiency (Niacin Deficiency or Pellagra)
    1. Diarrhea, dermatitis and Dementia (3 D's)
  4. Vitamin B6 Deficiency (Pyridoxine Deficiency)
    1. Glossitis, Peripheral Neuropathy
  5. Vitamin B9 Deficiency (Folic Acid Deficiency)
    1. Macrocytic Anemia (also caused by B12 Deficiency)
    2. Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy
  6. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    1. Weakness, Peripheral Neuropathy, Ataxia, Dementia, macroyctic Anemia
    2. B12 Supplementation in Vegetarians and Vegans, Metformin, Antacids (PPI, H2 Blockers)

IV. Associated Conditions: Other Vitamin Deficiencies

  1. Vitamin A Deficiency (Retinol Deficiency)
    1. Night blindness
  2. Vitamin C Deficiency (Ascorbic Acid Deficiency or Scurvy)
    1. Bleeding Gums, Fatigue
  3. Vitamin D Deficiency
    1. Children: Rickets
    2. Adults: Osteoporosis
  4. Vitamin K Deficiency
    1. Bleeding Diathesis

V. Associated Conditions: Vitamin Deficiency by underlying predisposition

  1. Alcoholism
    1. See Vitamin Deficiency in Alcoholism
    2. Vitamin A Deficiency (Retinol Deficiency)
    3. Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)
    4. Vitamin B1 Deficiency (Thiamine deficiency, Wernicke's Encephalopathy)
    5. Vitamin B3 Deficiency (Niacin Deficiency, Pellegra)
    6. Vitamin B6 Deficiency (Pyridoxine deficiency)
    7. Vitamin B9 Deficiency (Folic Acid Deficiency)
    8. Vitamin B12 Deficiency (Cobalamin Deficiency, Pernicious Anemia)
  2. Celiac Sprue
    1. Iron Deficiency Anemia
    2. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    3. Folate Deficiency
  3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    1. Folate Deficiency
    2. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    3. Fat soluble Vitamin Deficiency
      1. Vitamin A Deficiency
      2. Vitamin D Deficiency
      3. Vitamin E Deficiency
      4. Vitamin K Deficiency
  4. Chronic Pancreatitis
    1. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    2. Zinc Deficiency
    3. Fat soluble Vitamin Deficiency
      1. Vitamin A Deficiency
      2. Vitamin D Deficiency
      3. Vitamin E Deficiency
      4. Vitamin K Deficiency
    4. References
      1. Rasmussen (2013) World J Gastroenterol 19(42): 7267–75 [PubMed]
  5. Bariatric Surgery
    1. Iron Deficiency Anemia
    2. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    3. Folate Deficiency
    4. Vitamin A Deficiency
    5. Vitamin D Deficiency
    6. Vitamin B1 Deficiency (Thiamine deficiency, Wernicke's Encephalopathy)
    7. Vitamin B6 Deficiency (Pyridoxine deficiency)
    8. Copper Deficiency
    9. Zinc Deficiency
  6. Vegan diet
    1. Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    2. Folate Deficiency
    3. Zinc Deficiency

VI. References

  1. Rendon et al. (2017) Crit Dec Emerg Med 31(6): 15-21

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