II. Physiology

  1. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is a heat labile, water-soluble Vitamin
    1. Structure is substituted Pyrimidine and thiazolium rings linked by a methylene group
  2. Thiamine reacts with Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) to form an active, important coenzyme, Thiamine Pyrophosphate (ThPP)
  3. Thiamine Pyrophosphate is a coenyme in multiple Carbohydrate related reactions
    1. Succinyl CoA synthesis from Alpha-ketoglutarate via alpha-ketoglutarate dehyogenase (with ThPP) and multiple other enzymes
    2. Acetyl CoA synthesis from Pyruvate via pyruvate dehydrogenase (with ThPP) and multiple other enzymes
    3. Glyceraldehyde 3P from Xylulose 5P and Ribose5P via transketolase (with ThPP) and multiple other enzymes (Pentose Phosphate Shunt)
  4. Other Thiamine activity
    1. Limits arterial Smooth Muscle Cell proliferation (via intracellular Glucose and Insulin inhibition)
    2. Protection against Lead Toxicity via inibition of lead-induced lipid peroxidation

III. Preparations: Dietary Sources

  1. Pork and other meats
  2. Liver
  3. Oysters and fish
  4. Whole-grain and enriched cereals, Pasta, Bread
  5. Wheat germ
  6. Green Peas
  7. Oatmeal
  8. Potatoes
  9. Legumes (Peas, Lima Beans)
  10. Sunflower Seeds

IV. Associated Conditions: Deficiency

V. Resources

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Related Studies

Ontology: Thiamine (C0039840)

Definition (CHV) vitamin B1
Definition (CHV) vitamin B1
Definition (CHV) vitamin B1
Definition (CHV) vitamin B1
Definition (CHV) vitamin B1
Definition (CHV) vitamin B1
Definition (CHV) vitamin B1
Definition (NCI) A heat-labile and water-soluble essential vitamin, belonging to the vitamin B family, with antioxidant, erythropoietic, mood modulating, and glucose-regulating activities. Thiamine reacts with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form an active coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate. Thiamine pyrophosphate is necessary for the actions of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate in carbohydrate metabolism and for the actions of transketolase, an enzyme that plays an important role in the pentose phosphate pathway. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and may inhibit the action of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine may also protect against lead toxicity by inhibiting lead-induced lipid peroxidation.
Definition (NCI_CRCH) Water-soluble vitamin that is a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids. (DRI)
Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) A nutrient in the vitamin B complex that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy. Vitamin B1 helps some enzymes work properly, helps break down sugars in the diet, and keeps nerves and the heart healthy. It is found in pork, organ meats, peas, beans, nuts, and whole grains. Vitamin B1 is water-soluble (can dissolve in water) and must be taken in daily. Not enough vitamin B1 can cause a disease called beriberi (a condition marked by heart, nerve, and digestive disorders). Too much vitamin B1 may help cancer cells grow faster.
Definition (MSH) 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.
Definition (CSP) water soluble B vitamin with a structure consisting of substituted pyrimidine and thiazolium rings linked by a methylene group; deficiency causes beriberi.
Definition (PDQ) A heat-labile and water-soluble essential vitamin, belonging to the vitamin B family, with antioxidant, erythropoietic, mood modulating, and glucose-regulating activities. Thiamine reacts with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form an active coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate. Thiamine pyrophosphate is necessary for the actions of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate in carbohydrate metabolism and for the actions of transketolase, an enzyme that plays an important role in the pentose phosphate pathway. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and may inhibit the action of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine may also protect against lead toxicity by inhibiting lead-induced lipid peroxidation. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=37856&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=37856&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C874" NCI Thesaurus)
Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Vitamin (T127)
MSH D013831
SnomedCT 61768002, 259659006, 30306003
LNC LP15886-2, MTHU008943
English Aneurin, Thiamine, Vitamin B 1, Vitamin B1, Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl- chloride, vitamin B1, Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> preparation, Vitamin B<sub>1</sub>, vit B1, VITAMIN B A 01, thiamine (medication), thiamine, 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1-thia-3-azoniacyclopenta-2,4-dien-5-yl]ethanol, Thiamine [Chemical/Ingredient], THIAMINE, vitamin b 1, b1 substances vitamin, b1 vitamins, vitamin b1, vit b1, b1 vitamin, thiamine (vit B1), Thiamine (substance), Anti-beriberi factor, Thiamine preparation, Vitamin B1 preparation, Vitamin B>1< preparation, Vitamin B>1<, Thiamine preparation (product), Vitamin B1 (substance), B1 vitamin, thiamin, vitamin-B1, Thiamine (substance) [Ambiguous], Thiamine preparation (substance), Thiamin, B1 Vitamin, Vit B1, Vitamin-B1, VITAMIN B1
Swedish Tiamin
Czech thiamin, aneurin, vitamin B1
Finnish Tiamiini
Italian Vitamina B 1, Vitamina B1, Aneurina, Tiamina
Russian TIAMIN, ANEVRIN, VITAMIN B1, АНЕВРИН, ВИТАМИН B1, ТИАМИН
Spanish vitamina B<sub>1</sub>, preparado con vitamina B<sub>1</sub>, preparado con vitamina B>1<, tiamina (producto), preparado con tiamina (producto), preparado con vitamina B1, tiamina, preparado con tiamina, tiamina (sustancia), pirofosfato de tiamina, factor anti - beriberi, Vitamina B1, preparado de tiamina (sustancia), tiamina (concepto no activo), vitamina B1 (sustancia), vitamina B1, vitamina B>1<, Tiamina, Aneurina, Vitamina B 1
Japanese サイアミン, ビタミンB1, チアミン, アノイリン
German VITAMIN B A 01, Aneurin, Thiamin, Vitamin B1
Croatian TIAMIN
Polish Witamina B1, Tiamina, Aneuryna
Norwegian Not Translated[Thiamine]
Portuguese Vitamina B1, Aneurina, Tiamina, Vitamina B 1
French Aneurine, Facteur antinévritique, Oryzanine, Thiamine, Vitamine B1

Ontology: Thiamine Pyrophosphate (C0039848)

Definition (CSP) biologically active form of thiamin and a cofactor for many oxidative decarboxylation reactions in carbohydrate metabolism.
Definition (MSH) The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.
Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) , Vitamin (T127)
MSH D013835
SnomedCT 259661002, 61768002
LNC LP15887-0, MTHU014005
English Cocarboxylase, Pyrophosphate, Thiamine, Thiamine Diphosphate, Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-(4,6,6-trihydroxy-3,5-dioxa-4,6-diphosphahex-1-yl)-, chloride, P,P'-dioxide, TPP, cocarboxylase (medication), vitamins thiamine pyrophosphate, vitamins cocarboxylase, thiamine pyrophosphate (medication), cocarboxylase, Thiamine Pyrophosphate [Chemical/Ingredient], tpp, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), Thiamine Pyrophosphate, COCARBOXYLASE, thiamine pyrophosphate, Pyrophosphoric Ester of Thiamine, Thiamin pyrophosphate, Thiamine pyrophosphate, Thiamine pyrophosphate (substance)
Swedish Tiaminpyrofosfat
Czech kokarboxylasa, thiaminpyrofosfát
Finnish Tiamiinipyrofosfaatti
Russian TDF, KOKARBOKSILAZA, TIAMINDIFOSFAT, TIAMINPIROFOSFAT, КОКАРБОКСИЛАЗА, ТДФ, ТИАМИНДИФОСФАТ, ТИАМИНПИРОФОСФАТ
Japanese コカルボキシラーゼ, チアミンピロりん酸, チアミンピロリン酸, チアミン二りん酸, サイアミンピロりん酸, サイアミンピロリン酸, サイアミンピロ燐酸, チアミンピロ燐酸, チアミン二リン酸
Polish Kokarboksylaza, Pirofosforan tiaminy
Norwegian Tiaminpyrofosfat, Tiamindifosfat, Cokarboksylase
Spanish pirofosfato de tiamina (sustancia), pirofosfato de tiamina, Cocarboxilasa, Difosfato de Tiamina, Tiamina Pirofosfato
French Thiamine pyrophosphate, Tpp
German Cocarboxylase, Thiamindiphosphat, Thiaminpyrophosphat
Italian Tiamina pirofosfato
Portuguese Cocarboxilase, Difosfato de Tiamina, Tiamina Pirofosfato