II. Indications
III. Types
- Replaces Carbohydrates with higher fat and Protein
- Atkins Diet
- Carbohydrate Addict's Diet
- Replaces high Glycemic IndexCarbohydrates with low
- South Beach Diet
- Sugar Busters!
IV. Mechanism
- Ketogenic Diet mimics Fasting state or Starvation Ketosis
- Carbohydrate intake is as low as 5%, replaced primarily by fat intake as high as 75% (remaining 20% Protein)
V. Efficacy
- No longterm data beyond one year
- Effective in the short-term for weight loss
- More effective than Low Fat Diet in first 6 months
- Similar efficacy to Low Fat Diet at one year
- References
VI. Adverse Effects
- Constipation (due to decreased fiber intake)
- Gout exacerbation (due to increased Uric Acid)
- Risk of Osteoporosis (due to calciuria)
- Nutritional deficiency risk
- Higher fat content risks (with Atkin's and similar)
- These diets do not seem to adversely effect lipids
- However theororetic risk related to higher fats:
- High fat associated with Coronary Artery Disease
- High fat associated with Breast Cancer
VII. Precautions
- No longterm safety or efficacy data on these diets
- Do not eliminate vegetables, fruits from diet longterm
- Consider supplementing while on these diets
- Fiber supplementation
- Multivitamin Supplement