II. Definitions

  1. Arachidonic Acid
    1. Arachidonic Acid is a polyunsaturated Essential Fatty Acid present in human fat, liver, brain and glandular organs
    2. Derived from dietary Linoleic Acid
    3. Precursor of Prostaglandins, prostacyclins, Thromboxanes, and Leukotrienes.

III. Physiology: Arachidonic Acid Derivatives (Eicosanoids)

  1. General
    1. Derived from Arachidonic Acid via cyclooxygenase pathway
    2. Basic structure is a 5 carbon ring "head" with two 6 to 9 carbon chain "legs"
    3. Functions vary by specific molecule, but function in general is summarized here
  2. Thromboxanes
    1. Increase Platelet aggregation
  3. Leukotrienes
    1. Leukocyte chemotaxis
  4. Prostacyclin
    1. Inhibits Platelet aggregation
    2. Vasodilates
  5. Prostaglandins
    1. Some Prostaglandins contract Smooth Muscle (e.g. Vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, uterine contraction)
    2. Some Prostaglandins increase inflammatory response as well as pain and fever

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Ontology: Arachidonic Acid (C0003695)

Definition (NCI) An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.(ChemID Plus)
Definition (NCI_CRCH) Polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 carbons and 4 double bonds at the 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th carbons from the methyl end.
Definition (MSH) An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
Concepts Eicosanoid (T111)
MSH D016718
SnomedCT 3792001
English 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, (all-Z)-, (all-Z)-5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, (all-Z)-5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic Acid, Vitamin F, Eicosatetraenoic acid, Eicosatetranoic acid, vitamin F, Arachidonic Acid, Arachidonic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient], vitamin f, acid arachidonic, ARACHIDONIC ACID, arachidonic acid, All-cis-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid, Fatty Acid 20:4 n-6, Arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, AA - Arachidonic acid, Arachidonic acid (substance)
Swedish Arakidonsyra
Czech kyselina arachidonová, kyselina arašidonová
Finnish Arakidonihappo
Russian ARAKHIDONOVAIA KISLOTA, АРАХИДОНОВАЯ КИСЛОТА
Japanese エイコサテトラエン酸, アラキドン酸, 5,8,11,14-エイコサテトラエン酸, 5,8,11,14-イコサテトラエン酸, ビタミンF
Croatian ARAHIDONSKA KISELINA
Polish Kwas arachidonowy
Spanish ácido 5, 8, 11, 14 - eicosatetraenoico, ácido araquidónico (sustancia), ácido araquidónico, Ácido Araquidónico
French Acide arachidonique, Arachidonique, acide
German Arachidonsäure
Italian Acido arachidonico
Portuguese Ácido Araquidônico

Ontology: Arachidonic Acids (C0003701)

Concepts Eicosanoid (T111)
MSH D001095
English Acids, Arachidonic, Arachidonic Acids, Arachidonic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient]
Swedish Arakidonsyror
Czech kyseliny arachidonové
Finnish Arakidonihapot
Russian EIKOZATETRAENOVYE KISLOTY, ARAKHIDONOVYE KISLOTY, АРАХИДОНОВЫЕ КИСЛОТЫ, ЭЙКОЗАТЕТРАЕНОВЫЕ КИСЛОТЫ
Croatian Not Translated[Arachidonic Acids]
Polish Kwasu arachidonowego pochodne
French Acides arachidoniques, Arachidoniques, acides
German Arachidonsäuren
Italian Acidi arachidonici
Portuguese Ácidos Araquidônicos
Spanish Ácidos Araquidónicos

Ontology: Eicosanoids (C0013725)

Definition (MSHCZE) Skupina biologicky aktivních látek vznikajících z arachidonové kyseliny. Mají charakter tkáňových hormonů. Viz leukotrieny, prostaglandiny, tromboxany, prostanoidy. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ )
Definition (MSH) A class of compounds named after and generally derived from C20 fatty acids (EICOSANOIC ACIDS) that includes PROSTAGLANDINS; LEUKOTRIENES; THROMBOXANES, and HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACIDS. They have hormone-like effects mediated by specialized receptors (RECEPTORS, EICOSANOID).
Definition (CSP) class of compounds named after and generally derived from C20 fatty acids (eicosanoic acids) that includes prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids; they have hormone-like effects mediated by specialized receptors (eicosanoid receptors).
Concepts Eicosanoid (T111)
MSH D015777
SnomedCT 418534004
English Eicosanoids, eicosanoid, Eicosanoids [Chemical/Ingredient], eicosanoids, icosanoid, Icosanoids, Eicosanoid, Eicosanoid (substance)
Spanish eicosanoide (sustancia), eicosanoide, Eicosanoides, Icosanoides
Swedish Eikosanoider
Finnish Eikosanoidit
Italian Icosanoidi, Eicosanoidi
Russian EIKOZANOIDY, ЭЙКОЗАНОИДЫ
French Icosanoïdes, Éicosanoïdes
Croatian EIKOZANOIDI
Polish Eikozanoidy, Eikosanoidy
Japanese イコサノイド, エイコサノイド
Portuguese Eicosanoides, Icosanoides
Czech eikosanoidy, ikosanoidy
German Eicosanoide, Icosanoide

Ontology: Leukotrienes (C0023545)

Definition (MSH) A family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. They have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.
Definition (CSP) family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway; participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation; have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.
Concepts Biologically Active Substance (T123) , Eicosanoid (T111)
MSH D015289
SnomedCT 12194000
English Leukotrienes, Leukotrienes [Chemical/Ingredient], leukotriene, leukotrienes, Leukotriene (substance), Leukotriene, Leukotriene, NOS
Swedish Leukotriener
Czech leukotrieny
Finnish Leukotrieenit
Russian LEIKOTRIENY, ЛЕЙКОТРИЕНЫ
French Leucotriènes
Croatian LEUKOTRIENI
Polish Leukotrieny
Spanish leucotrieno (sustancia), leucotrieno, Leucotrienos
German Leukotriene
Italian Leucotrieni
Portuguese Leucotrienos

Ontology: Prostaglandins (C0033554)

Definition (CHV) a kind of hormone
Definition (CHV) a kind of hormone
Definition (CHV) a kind of hormone
Definition (CHV) a kind of hormone
Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) One of several hormone-like substances made by the body. Different PGs control blood pressure, contraction of smooth muscles, and other processes within tissues where they are made. Certain PGs are being studied as cancer biomarkers.
Definition (MSH) A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.
Definition (PSY) Physiologically potent compounds of ubiquitous occurrence formed from essential fatty acids and affecting the nervous system, female reproductive organs, and metabolism.
Definition (CSP) group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway; extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.
Concepts Eicosanoid (T111) , Biologically Active Substance (T123) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D011453
SnomedCT 373688002, 109059001, 26351002, 350067007
LNC LP15827-6, LP19203-6, MTHU013657, MTHU007142
English Prostanoids, PROSTAGLANDINS, prostaglandins, prostaglandins (medication), [HS875] PROSTAGLANDINS, Prostaglandins [Chemical/Ingredient], prostaglandin, prostanoids, prostanoid, Prostaglandins, Prostaglandin agent (substance), Prostaglandin preparation, Prostaglandin agent, Prostaglandin preparation (product), PG, Prostaglandin, Prostaglandin product, PG - Prostaglandin, Prostaglandin (substance), Prostaglandin product (product), prostaglandin agent, prostoglandin agent, Prostaglandin, NOS, Prostaglandin preparation (substance), Prostaglandin product (substance)
Swedish Prostaglandiner
Czech prostaglandiny, prostanoidy
Finnish Prostaglandiinit
Russian PROSTAGLANDINY, ПРОСТАГЛАНДИНЫ
Japanese プロスタグランジン, プロスタグランディン, プロスタノイド
Spanish producto con prostaglandina (producto), prostaglandina (producto), producto con prostaglandina, agente con prostaglandina, preparado de prostaglandina, preparado de prostaglandina (producto), agente con prostaglandina (sustancia), preparado de prostaglandina (sustancia), prostaglandina (sustancia), prostaglandina, producto (producto), prostaglandina, producto (sustancia), prostaglandina, producto, prostaglandina, Prostaglandinas
French Prostanoïdes, Prostaglandines
Italian Prostanoidi, Prostaglandine
Croatian PROSTAGLANDINI
Polish Prostaglandyny
German Prostaglandine
Portuguese Prostaglandinas

Ontology: Thromboxanes (C0040061)

Definition (MSH) Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.
Definition (CSP) physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body, formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and causing platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects; important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.
Concepts Eicosanoid (T111) , Biologically Active Substance (T123)
MSH D013931
SnomedCT 80946001
LNC LP31748-4
English Thromboxanes, Thromboxanes [Chemical/Ingredient], thromboxanes, thromboxane, Thromboxane (substance), Thromboxane, Thromboxane, NOS
Swedish Tromboxaner
Czech thromboxany
Finnish Tromboksaanit
Russian TROMBOKSANY, ТРОМБОКСАНЫ
Polish Tromboksany, TX
Croatian Tromboksani
Spanish tromboxano (sustancia), tromboxano, Tromboxanos
French Thromboxanes
German Thromboxane
Italian Trombossani
Portuguese Tromboxanos