II. Pathophysiology

  1. Defective heme metabolism

III. Causes

  1. Toxin Exposure
    1. Alcohol Abuse
    2. Lead exposure
    3. Isoniazid
    4. Chloramphenicol
  2. Neoplasm or inflammatory disease
    1. Carcinoma
    2. Leukemia
    3. Lymphoma
    4. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  3. X-Linked recessive Sideroblastic Anemia
  4. Pearson Syndrome
    1. Vacuolation of marrow precursor cells
    2. Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction

V. Management

  1. Remove offending exposure
  2. Pyridoxine (variable efficacy)

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